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GCSE Biology B3 > B3.2 Transport Systems in Plants and Animals > Flashcards

B3.2 Transport Systems in Plants and Animals Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of the circulatory system?

A
  • To transport substances around the body through the blood stream
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2
Q

What is the heart?

A
  • An organ that pumps blood around the body
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3
Q

What is the heart mostly made from?

A
  • Muscle tissue
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4
Q

What are the four chambed of the heart?

A
  • Right Atrium
  • Right Ventricle
  • Left Atrium
  • Left Ventricle
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5
Q

Describe the double circulatory system starting with deoxygenated blood?

A
  • Deoxyegenated blood enters right atrium via vena cava
  • Atrium contracts, forcing blood into right ventricle
  • Valve forces blood into pulmonary artery to the lungs to collect oxygen
  • Oxygenated blood comes back to the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary vein
  • Blood goes into the left atrium, to the left ventricle
  • Valve forces blood into aorta artery to the rest of the body
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6
Q

What do arteries carry?

A
  • Takes oxygenated blood away from the heart
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7
Q

What are the features of arteries?

A
  • Thick walls comared to lumen
  • Thick layers of muscles to make walls strong
  • Elastic fibres for it to stretch and spring back
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8
Q

Why do arteries have strong walls?

A
  • Heart pumps blood at high pressure so artery walls need to be strong and elastic
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9
Q

What are the features of veins?

A
  • Have bigger lumens than arteries
  • Have thinner walls that arteries due to lower pressures of blood flow
  • Valves
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10
Q

What do veins carry?

A
  • Deoxygenated blood back to the body
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11
Q

What are the purposes of valves?

A
  • To prevent the backflow of blood
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12
Q

What are capillaries?

A
  • Very small (one cell thick) blood vessels
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13
Q

What are the purpose of capillaries?

A
  • To carry blood close to every cell to exchange substances
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14
Q

What are the features of capillaries?

A
  • Permeable walls to allow the exchange of substances
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15
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A
  • When blood is blocked by fatty deposits which narrow blood flow and may lead to heart attacks by reduction of oxygen
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16
Q

How is coronary heart disease prevented?

A
  • The use of stents which keep arteries open
17
Q

What are the problems with stents?

A
  • Could damge arteries

- Irritate arteries, causing infection

18
Q

What is blood?

A
  • A tissue
19
Q

What does blood contain?

A
  • A fluid called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended
20
Q

What is plasma?

A
  • A straw coloured liquid
21
Q

What does plasma carry?

A
  • All other blood cells
  • Carbon dioxide from the organs to lungs
  • Soluble food molecules from the small intestines to other organs
  • Urea from the liver to the kidneys
22
Q

What is the purpose of red blood cells?

A
  • To transport oxygen from the lungs to the organs
23
Q

How are red blood cells adapted?

A
  • No nucleus, more room for oxygen
  • Bioconcave shape to increase surface area
  • Contain red pigment called haemoglobin
24
Q

How does red blood cells carry and release oxygen?

A
  • In the lungs, haemoglobin combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin
  • In the organs, oxyhaemoglobin splits to release oxygen and haemoglobin
25
Q

What are the purpose of white blood cells?

A

Defend the body against infection:

  • Phagocytes kill micobes by consuming
  • Lymphocytes produce chemiclas and antibodies
26
Q

What are platelets?

A
  • Small fragments of cells with no nucleus
27
Q

What are the purpose of platelets?

A
  • Clot wounds preventing blood loss
28
Q

What occurs in the xylem tissue in plants?

A
  • Transports water and minerals from the roots to the stem and leaves
  • Transpiration stream
29
Q

What happens in the phloem tissue in plants?

A
  • Carry dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant, including growing regions and storage organs

GCSE Biology B3 (4 decks)

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