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GCSE Biology B3 > B3.1 Movement in and out Of Cells > Flashcards

B3.1 Movement in and out Of Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is diffusion?

A
  • Diffusion is the random movement of molecules/solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until equilibrium is reached
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2
Q

What is osmosis?

A
  • Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane
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3
Q

What causes the movement of water?

A
  • The differences in concentrations of water molecules cause the movement in and out of cells
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4
Q

What is active transport?

A
  • The movement of solutes against a concentration gradient using energy produced by respiration and a carrier molecule
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5
Q

What is needed in active transport?

A
  • A carrier molecule

- Energy released through respiration

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6
Q

What do most sports drinks contain?

A
  • Sugar
  • Water
  • Ions
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7
Q

How do sports drinks help people doing sport?

A
  • Sugar to replace sugar lost in respiration to release energy
  • Water and ions replace lost water and ions via sweat
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8
Q

What happens if water and ions are not replaced during exercise?

A
  • Lack of water and ions cause the balance of the body to be disturbed so cells don’t work as effectively
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9
Q

How are the effectiveness of exchange surfaces increased?

A
  • Large surface area
  • Thin, short distance for diffusion
  • Ventilation so concentration gradient maintained
  • Efficient blood supply so concentration gradient maintained
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10
Q

How is the small intestine effiecient at absorbing food molecules?

A
  • Villi provides large surface area
  • Villus very thin, short distance for diffusion
  • Constant blood supply(many capillaries), maintain concentration gradient
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11
Q

How are soluble food molecules abosrbed by the small intestine?

A
  • Diffusion

- Active Transport

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12
Q

How are oxygen and carbon dioxide exchanged in the lungs(alveoli)?

A
  • Thin walls, short distance for diffusion
  • Constant blood supply/ventilation
  • Large surface area
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13
Q

How does the blood supply support the absorbtion of soluble food molecules in the small intestine?

A
  • Extensive network of capillaries absorb products of digestion
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14
Q

Where is the trachea, bronchi, bronchiloes, alveoli and diaphragm in the respratory system?

A 
The Breathing System
Trachea 
Bronchi 
Bronchioles 
Alveoli
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15
Q

What happens during inhalation?

A
  • Ribcage moves outwards and upwards
  • Diaphragm flattens
  • Volume of chest increases
  • Pressure in chest increases
  • Air drawn in
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16
Q

What happens to the ribcage during inhalation?

A
  • External intercostals muscles contract
  • Internal intercostals muscles relax
  • Ribs move upwards and outwards
17
Q

What happens during exhalation?

A
  • Ribcage moves downwards and in
  • Diaphragm moves upwards
  • Volume of chest decreases
  • Pressure in chest decreases
  • Air forced out of lungs
18
Q

What happens to the ribcage during exhalation?

A
  • External intercostals muscles relax
  • Internal intercostals muscles contract
  • Ribcage moves downwards and in
19
Q

Why is ventilation needed?

A
  • Oxygen needed for respiration to release energy
  • Carbon dioxide(waste product) needed ot of body
  • Maintain homeostasis
20
Q

What is the upper part of the body called?

A

Thorax

21
Q

What is the lower part of the body called?

A

Abdomen

22
Q

What is a negative pressure ventilator?

A
  • Ventilator cause air to be sucked into the lungs
23
Q

What is a postive pressure ventilator?

A
  • Ventilator forces air physically into the lungs
24
Q

Where does exchange of substances occur in plants?

A
  • Carbon dioxide and oxygen exvahnged by diffusion by stomata in leaves
  • Water absorbed by osmosis in roots
  • Ions absorbed by active transport in roots
25
Q

How are roots adapted to absorb substances?

A
  • Root hair cells increase surface area
26
Q

How are leaves adapted to exchange gases?

A
  • Surface area increased by flattened shape and internal air spaces
27
Q

Which cells control the stomata?

A
  • Guard cells
28
Q

What is transpiration?

A
  • The loss of water from a plant
29
Q

What is a transpiration stream?

A
  • The movement of water from the roots to the stem, up the xylem to the leaves where it evaporates through the stomata
30
Q

How is transpiration increased?

A
  • Evaporation more rapid in hot, dry, windy conditions
31
Q

Where does osmosis occur in humans?

A
  • Digestive system in large intestine

GCSE Biology B3 (4 decks)

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