B3.2 Transport Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

function of arteries

A

carry pulses of high-pressure blood away from the heart to every organ of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

function of veins

A

carry a stream of low-pressure blood from the organs back to the heart after it has passed through a capillary bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

in a micrograph what can be shown with a grainy appearance?

A

clotted blood-in both arteries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

adaptations of arteries

A

thicker wall, narrower lumen, circular in section, inner surface corrugated, fibres visible in the wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

adaptations of veins

A

thinner wall, wider lumen, circular/flattened, inner surface smooth, no or few fibres visible, outer coat is thin bc theres no danger of veins bursting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

why do arteries have the structure that they do?

A

because they receive blood directly from the heart and the blood is under high pressure=lined with a thick layer of smooth muscle and elastic fibres, and so have small lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why do veins have the structure that they do?

A

receive low pressure blood from capillary beds=relatively thin walls and large lumen to carry the slow-moving blood, the thin walls are also compressed by surrounding muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what happens to the blood when it goes through the capillary beds?

A

blood loses a great deal of pressure and velocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

adaptations of capillaries

A

large SA due to branching and narrow diameters, thin walls one cell thick, fenestrations in some capillaries where exchange needs to be rapid eg in kidneys at site of filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is tissue fluid?

A

the solution that bathes all cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is pressure filtration?

A

release of tissue fluid at the arteriole end of a capillary bed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is tissue fluid formed by?

A

pressure filtration of plasma in capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what components of the blood can’t leave the capillaries?

A

RBCs and large proteins, but WBCs are highly flexible squeeze through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do body cells need and need to get rid of

A

Need: oxygen, glucose, mineral ions
Get rid: CO2 and urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

adaptations of the cardiac muscle

A

highly vascular tissue, muscle is thick in the ventricles, muscle making up the wall of the left ventricle is the thickest because it pumps blood out to entire body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adaptations of a pacemaker

A

called sinoatrial node, it’s an area of specialised cells in the right atrium which generate electrical impulse to start each heartbeat

17
Q

adaptations for atria

A

thin muscular chambers designed to receive low pressure blood from the capillaries of the lungs or body tissues by way of large veins entering the heart, atria sends blood to ventricles

18
Q

adaptations of ventricles

A

thick muscular chambers that pump blood out under pressure to lungs or body tissues

19
Q

adaptations of atrioventricular valves

A

valves located between atria and ventricles that close each heart cycle to prevent backflow of blood into the atria

20
Q

adaptations of semilunar valves

A

close after the surge of blood into the pulmonary artery or aorta to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles

21
Q

adaptations of the septum

A

a wall of muscular and fibrous tissue that separates the right side of the heart from the left side

22
Q

adaptations of coronary vessels

A

blood vessels that provide oxygenated blood to the heart muslce

23
Q

explain the single circulatory system of a fish

A

only 1 ventricle which pumps deoxygenated blood to the gills; blood is pumped at high pressure through gills; surrounding water provides support and prevents capillaries bursting; after flowing through gills blood is oxygenated so has enough pressure to flow directly to another organ; blood becomes deoxygenated and pressure falls; returns to heart to be pumped to gills

24
Q

what does systole mean?

A

contraction

25
Q

what does diastole mean?

A

relaxing

26
Q

describe the cardiac cycle

A
27
Q

causes of CHD

A

smoking(nicotine and CO put a strain on heart by making it work faster, +increase risk of blood clots); high bp(puts strain on heart); high cholesterol(fat made by liver from saturated fat in diet but too much leads to CHD); high lipoprotein(combo of fat and protein made by liver-inherited from parents); lack of exercise(fatty deposits build up in arteries); diabetes(double risk of CHD bc it causes lining of blood vessels to thicken which restricts blood flow);thrombosis(blood clot in vein or artery)

28
Q

what is xylem?

A

the tissue in plants that provides support and transports water(transpiration), supported by lignin rings, made of dead cells

29
Q

root pressure transport

A
30
Q

what are phloem?

A
31
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure?

A

the pressure within a liquid

32
Q

what are lymphatic capillaries?

A

thin walled with gaps between cells

33
Q

what are lymph vessels?

A

have one-way valves and rely on skeletal muscle contraction

34
Q

what are lymph nodes?

A

filter bacteria, viruses and sometimes cancer cells out of the tissue fluid