B3:OrganisationAndTheDigestiveSystem

Question 1

what is a tissue

Answer 1

a group of cells with a similar structure and function

Question 2

what are organs

Answer 2

collections of tissues performing specific functions

Question 3

what are organ systems

Answer 3

groups of organs performing specific functions

Question 4

what happens in the digestive system

Answer 4

several organs work together to help digest and absorb food

Question 5

the function of the liver

Answer 5

produces bile

Question 6

the function of the stomach

Answer 6

breaks down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones

Question 7

the function of the small intestine

Answer 7

breaks down large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones then absorption

Question 8

the function of the large intestine

Answer 8

absorbs water from undigested food

Question 9

what are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 9

units of sugar

Question 10

what are simple sugars

Answer 10

carbohydrates that only contain one or two units

Question 11

what is the test for simple sugars

Answer 11

they turn blue Benedict’s solution brick red when heated

Question 12

what are complex carbohydrates

Answer 12

contain long chains of simple sugar units bonded together

Question 13

what is the test for starch

Answer 13

starch turns yellow-red iodine solution blue-black

Question 14

what are lipids

Answer 14

consist of three molecules of fatty acids bonded to a molecule of glycerol

Question 15

test for lipids

Answer 15

ethanol added to a solution gives a cloudy white layer if lipids present

Question 16

what are proteins

Answer 16

made up of long chains of amino acids

Question 17

what is the test for protein

Answer 17

Biuret solution turns from blue to purple in the presence of proteins

Question 18

safety of food tests

Answer 18

Biuret solution is corrosive, wear chemical and splash-proof eye protection

Question 19

what is the function of catalysts

Answer 19

they increase the rate of the chemical reactions without getting used up

Question 20

what are enzymes

Answer 20

they are biological catalysts and catalyse specific reactions in living organisms due to the shape of their active site which matches the shape of a specific substrate molecule

Question 21

what does the substrate bind to

Answer 21

the active site

Question 22

what happens when the substrate is binded to the active site

Answer 22

the reaction is catalysed by the enzyme

Question 23

what is metabolism

Answer 23

the sum of all reactions in a cell or in the body

Question 24

what is enzyme activity affected by

Answer 24

temperature and ph

Question 25

what happens to the enzyme in high temperatures

Answer 25

changes the shape of the active site which denatures the enzyme

Question 26

how can ph affect an enzyme

Answer 26

affects the shape of the active site of an enzyme and make it work very efficiently or stop it working

Question 27

what does digestion involve

Answer 27

the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into smaller soluble ones that can be absorbed into the blood across the walls of the small intestine

Question 28

where are digestive enzymes produced

Answer 28

by specialised cells in the glands and in the lining of the digestive system

Question 29

what is carbohydrase also known as

Answer 29

amylase

Question 30

what does amylase catalyse the break down of

Answer 30

carbohydrates into simple sugars

Question 31

what does protease catalyse the breakdown of

Answer 31

proteins into amino acids

Question 32

what does lipase catalyse the breakdown of

Answer 32

lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 33

what conditions do the stomach protease enzymes work best in

Answer 33

acidic conditions, the stomach produces hydrochloric acid which maintains a low ph

Question 34

what conditions to the enzymes in the pancreas and small intestine work best in

Answer 34

alkaline

Question 35

where is bile produced

Answer 35

in the liver

Question 36

where is bile released from

Answer 36

the bile duct

Question 37

where is bile stored

Answer 37

the gall bladder

Question 38

what does bile do

Answer 38

neutralises acids and emulsifies fats