B3 - organisation and the digestive system

Question 1

what is a tissue

Answer 1

a group of cells with similar structure and function working together

Question 2

what is an organ

Answer 2

collections of tissues

Question 3

what tissues are involved in digestive organs

Answer 3

muscular tissue - churning food and digestive juices together
glandular tissue - produce digestive juices
epithelial tissue - covers inside and outside of organs

Question 4

what does the pancreas do

Answer 4

makes hormones to control blood sugar
makes enzymes that digest food

Question 5

what is an organ system

Answer 5

a group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Question 6

what does the small intestine do

Answer 6

absorb soluble food molecules into the blood

Question 7

what does the large intestine do

Answer 7

absorb water from undigested food into your blood

Question 8

what does the liver do (digestive system)

Answer 8

produces bile which helps digest lipids

Question 9

what do carbohydrates do and what elements do they contain

Answer 9

provide fuel
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 10

what are small carbohydrate units called

Answer 10

simple sugars

Question 11

what are complex carbohydrates made up of

Answer 11

long chains of simple sugar units bonded together

Question 12

what are some carbohydrate rich foods

Answer 12

bread, potatoes, rice and pasta

Question 13

what do most carbohydrates get broken down into

Answer 13

glucose

Question 14

what are lipids

Answer 14

fats and oils
the most efficient energy store in your body

Question 15

what are proteins used for

Answer 15

building up cells and tissues
basis of all enzymes

Question 16

what are proteins made up of

Answer 16

long chains of amino acids

Question 17

how many amino acids are there

Answer 17

20

Question 18

what functions do proteins act as

Answer 18

structural components of tissues
hormones like insulin
antibodies
enzymes

Question 19

what is the test for starch and what happens

Answer 19

starch - red iodine solution turns blue black

Question 20

what are enzymes

Answer 20

large protein molecules
biological catalysts that speed up reactions

Question 21

how do enzymes work

Answer 21

lock and key theory - substrate of reaction to be catalysed fits into the active site, enzyme and substrate bind together

Question 22

what is the metabolism

Answer 22

the sum of all the reactions in a cell or in the body

Question 23

what is the test for sugars and what happens

Answer 23

sugars - blue benedict’s solution turns brick red on heating

Question 24

what is the test for protein and what happens

Answer 24

protein - blue biuret reagent turns purple

Question 25

what is the test for lipids and what happens

Answer 25

lipids - ethanol gives a cloudy white layer if a lipid is present

Question 26

what are the factors that affect enzyme action

Answer 26

temperature concentration surface area

Question 27

what temperature do most enzymes denature at

Answer 27

40°C

Question 28

what happens to the enzyme as temperature goes above 40°C

Answer 28

the long amino chain begins to unravel site of active site changes enzyme denatures

Question 29

how does ph affect an enzyme

Answer 29

a change in pH affects the forces that hold the folded chains in place in the protein changes shape of molecule active site changes denatures

Question 30

how are digestive enzymes different

Answer 30

they work outside the cells

Question 31

where are digestive enzymes produced

Answer 31

glands (salivary and pancreas) lining of digestive system

Question 32

which enzyme catalyses the break down of carbohydrates

Answer 32

amylase

Question 33

where is amylase produced

Answer 33

salivary glands (mouth) pancreas

Question 34

which enzyme catalyses the break down of proteins

Answer 34

protease

Question 35

where is protease produced (x3)

Answer 35

pancreas stomach small intestine

Question 36

where does the breakdown of proteins occur

Answer 36

stomach and small intestine

Question 37

where does the breakdown of starch occur

Answer 37

the small intestine

Question 38

what enzymes catalyses the break down of lipids

Answer 38

lipase

Question 39

what are lipids broken down into

Answer 39

fatty acids glycerol

Question 40

where is lipase produced

Answer 40

pancreas small intestine

Question 41

where are lipids broken down

Answer 41

small intestine

Question 42

what protease enzyme is secreted in the lining of your stomach

Answer 42

pepsin

Question 43

where does pepsin work best

Answer 43

in an acidic pH

Question 44

what is the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Answer 44

allows protease to work effectively kills most of the bacteria you take in with your food

Question 45

what is the time of mucus in the stomach

Answer 45

coats your stomach walls protects from being digested

Question 46

what is the role of bile

Answer 46

to neutralise the acid from your stomach to make it alkaline emulsifies fat which increases the surface area