B3: Organisation Flashcards
What are the components of blood?
- red blood cells
- plasma
- white blood cells
- urea
Types of blood vessels(3):
- veins
- capillary
- Artery
Arteries:
Arteries take blood AWAY from the heart, has the thickest walls of the blood vessels
- the pulmonary artery has low O2 and high CO2.
- the aorta is the main artery has low C02 and high 02
Veins:
Takes blood towards the heart
- the pulmonary vein has low CO2 and high O2
- the vena cava is the main vein and has low O2 and high CO2
What does iodine test for?
Iodine tests for starch and it turns to a blackish-blue colour if starch is present
What does biuret solution test for?
It tests for protein and it’s normal blue colour will change to violet if protein is present.
Define the term tissue
A tissue is a collective group of cells that are similar in structure and function.
Define metabolism
All chemical reactions involved in maintaining a state
What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up a reaction without being used up
What does Sudan III test for?
Lipids, if there are lipids present the solution will turn red
Salivary gland:
Adaption:produces saliva
Function:moistens food, has enzymes to digest food
Oesophagus:
Adaption: muscular walls
Function: moves food from stomach by peristalsis
Stomach:
Adaption:strong muscles, produces hydrochloride acid
Function: mixes food, kills harmful microbes(pH), provides optimum pH for stomach enzymes to digest food
Liver:
Adaption:produces bile (alkaline)
Function: neutralises stomach acid emulsifies fats and stores carbohydrates as glycogen
Gall bladder:
Adaption:small bag like structure
Function:stores bile
Pancreas:
Adaption:produces enzymes
Function: provides enzymes to digest food in small intestine
Small intestine:
Adaption: produces enzymes, large surface area
Function: digestion of food
Large intestine:
Adaption:special cells to absorb fluids
Function: absorbs water
Anus:
Adaption:strong muscle
Function: releases waste
What does Benedict’s solution test for?
Glucose, it will go from blue to orange if glucose is present
What are substances transported in blood plasma?(5)
- carbon dioxide
- glucose
- water
- amino acids
- minerals
Epithelial tissue:
Smooth cells that form a lining that covers parts of the body
Glandular tissue:
Made up of cells which contains lots of protein-making factories to produce enzymes and hormones
Muscle tissue:
Uses energy from respiration to contract to bring about movement to churn contents of the stomach
What is a tissue?
A group of cells that have a similar structure and function
What is an organ?
A group of tissues gathered together to perform a particular function
What is an organ system?
A group of organs that all perform related functions
Name the component of blood that starts the process of blood clotting:
Platelets
Mechanical replacement valves:
- Do not require immunosuppressant drugs
Describe how the small intestine is adapted for efficient absorption(4):
- The small intestine has villi and microvilli to increase surface area
- They are surrounded by many capillaries which maintain the concentration gradient
- It has enzymes to break down food into simpler molecules
- They contain muscles to aid in the mixing of food
Name organs in the digestive system that produce carbohydrase(3):
- Small intestine
- Salivary gland
- Pancreas
