B3: Organisation

Question 1

What are the components of blood?

Answer 1

• red blood cells
• plasma
• white blood cells
• urea

Question 2

Types of blood vessels(3):

Answer 2

• veins
• capillary
• Artery

Question 3

Arteries:

Answer 3

Arteries take blood AWAY from the heart, has the thickest walls of the blood vessels

• the pulmonary artery has low O2 and high CO2.
• the aorta is the main artery has low C02 and high 02

Question 4

Veins:

Answer 4

Takes blood towards the heart

• the pulmonary vein has low CO2 and high O2
• the vena cava is the main vein and has low O2 and high CO2

Question 5

What does iodine test for?

Answer 5

Iodine tests for starch and it turns to a blackish-blue colour if starch is present

Question 6

What does biuret solution test for?

Answer 6

It tests for protein and it’s normal blue colour will change to violet if protein is present.

Question 7

Define the term tissue

Answer 7

A tissue is a collective group of cells that are similar in structure and function.

Question 8

Define metabolism

Answer 8

All chemical reactions involved in maintaining a state

Question 9

What is an enzyme?

Answer 9

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up a reaction without being used up

Question 10

What does Sudan III test for?

Answer 10

Lipids, if there are lipids present the solution will turn red

Question 11

Salivary gland:

Answer 11

Adaption:produces saliva
Function:moistens food, has enzymes to digest food

Question 12

Oesophagus:

Answer 12

Adaption: muscular walls
Function: moves food from stomach by peristalsis

Question 13

Stomach:

Answer 13

Adaption:strong muscles, produces hydrochloride acid
Function: mixes food, kills harmful microbes(pH), provides optimum pH for stomach enzymes to digest food

Question 14

Liver:

Answer 14

Adaption:produces bile (alkaline)
Function: neutralises stomach acid emulsifies fats and stores carbohydrates as glycogen

Question 15

Gall bladder:

Answer 15

Adaption:small bag like structure
Function:stores bile

Question 16

Pancreas:

Answer 16

Adaption:produces enzymes
Function: provides enzymes to digest food in small intestine

Question 17

Small intestine:

Answer 17

Adaption: produces enzymes, large surface area
Function: digestion of food

Question 18

Large intestine:

Answer 18

Adaption:special cells to absorb fluids
Function: absorbs water

Question 19

Anus:

Answer 19

Adaption:strong muscle
Function: releases waste

Question 20

What does Benedict’s solution test for?

Answer 20

Glucose, it will go from blue to orange if glucose is present

Question 21

What are substances transported in blood plasma?(5)

Answer 21

• carbon dioxide
• glucose
• water
• amino acids
• minerals

Question 22

Epithelial tissue:

Answer 22

Smooth cells that form a lining that covers parts of the body

Question 23

Glandular tissue:

Answer 23

Made up of cells which contains lots of protein-making factories to produce enzymes and hormones

Question 24

Muscle tissue:

Answer 24

Uses energy from respiration to contract to bring about movement to churn contents of the stomach

Question 25

What is a tissue?

Answer 25

A group of cells that have a similar structure and function

Question 26

What is an organ?

Answer 26

A group of tissues gathered together to perform a particular function

Question 27

What is an organ system?

Answer 27

A group of organs that all perform related functions

Question 28

Name the component of blood that starts the process of blood clotting:

Answer 28

Platelets

Question 29

Mechanical replacement valves:

Answer 29

• Do not require immunosuppressant drugs

Question 30

Describe how the small intestine is adapted for efficient absorption(4):

Answer 30

• The small intestine has villi and microvilli to increase surface area
• They are surrounded by many capillaries which maintain the concentration gradient
• It has enzymes to break down food into simpler molecules
• They contain muscles to aid in the mixing of food

Question 31

Name organs in the digestive system that produce carbohydrase(3):

Answer 31

• Small intestine
• Salivary gland
• Pancreas