B1: Cell Biology

Question 1

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 1

Controls the genetic material of the cell

Question 2

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

It is where most chemical reactions take place

Question 3

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 3

Allows substances to leave and enter the cell

Question 4

What happens in the ribosomes?

Answer 4

Where proteinsynthesis occurs

Question 5

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 5

Where respiration takes place

Question 6

What is the magnification of a microscope?

Answer 6

Total magnification = eyepiece/objective
. lense

Question 7

What does the vacuole do?

Answer 7

It contains cell sap

Question 8

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 8

It is made of cellulose and supports the cell

Question 9

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 9

Where photosynthesis occurs

Question 10

How do you calculate the magnification of an image

Answer 10

Magnification: size of image / size of real object

Question 11

Prokaryotic cells (4)

Answer 11

• simplest and most ancient type of cell
• small and simple structure
• has a cell wall but is NOT a plant cell
• They DON’T have a true nucleus , instead they keep their DNA in a loop

Question 12

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

Eukaryotes have a true nucleus meaning they keep their genetic material inside a nucleus

Question 13

Explaining Mitosis(3):

Answer 13

1. The cell divides to produce new ones.
2. Two daughter cells are produced from the parent cell

The daughter cells produced are identical to the parent cell because the DNA copies itself:

1. The double chromosomes are pulled apart.
2. The chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell, forming two nuclei
3. The cytoplasm and the cell membrane divide to produce the new cells

Question 14

What are stem cells?

Answer 14

Stem cells are cells that have not been differentiated. There are two types of stem cells; somatic (adult) and embryonic

Question 15

Embryonic stem cells(2):

Answer 15

They are derived from an embryo. However the extraction of the cells destroys the embryo.

Question 16

Give two advantages of using an electron microscope instead of a light microscope(2):

Answer 16

• It has a higher magnification

- It has a higher resolution

Question 17

Diffusion [definition]:

[2]:

Answer 17

• Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
• Substances can move in and out of cells across cell membranes via diffusion