B3 - Organ Systems Flashcards
Name the 7 parts of a Nerve Cell:
- Cell Body
- Cell Membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Myelin Sheath (Made of Schwann Cells)
- Axon
- Nerve Endings (Dendrites)
In order, name the processes of a reflex arc:
There are 7.
- Stimuli
- Receptor Cells
- Sensory Nerve
- Coordinator / Relay Nerve (Central Nervous System (Spinal Cord + Brain))
- Motor Nerve
- Effector (muscles or glands)
- Response (muscle movement or hormone release)
Name and describe the 11 parts of an eye:
- Iris (It has radial muscles that relax or contract)
- Lens (Focuses Light to the center of the retina)
- Aqueous humor (fluid)
- Pupil (The hole at the center of the iris)
- Cornea (The transparent region of the sclera on the front of the eye.)
- Suspensory Ligament (Holds the Lens)
- Ciliary Muscle (Changes the shape of the Lens)
- Choroid (the colored part between the retina and sclera)
- Retina (Receives light)
- The sclera (Tough outer layer)
- Optic Nerve (Carries impulses)
Name the 6 parts of the brain:
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Medulla
- Spinal Cord
- Pituitary Gland
- Hypothalamus
What is Homeostasis? (2 points)
- The control of your body’s internal environment.
- Keeping it “static”
What is the process called when your blood vessels close up to prevent heat loss near your skin?
Vaso-Constriction
What is the process called when your blood vessels open up near your skin, to lose heat?
Vaso-Dilation
What is the mechanism in place to keep your body at a constant temperature?
Negative Feedback Mechanism
In order, describe how the body controls high Blood Glucose levels. (6 steps)
- Blood Sugar Levels become too high.
- Detected by Beta Cells (pancreas)
- Insulin released by it.
- Insulin makes channel proteins which allow glucose to go into the muscle and liver.
- Glucose diffuses through channels into cells. (along a concentration gradient.)
- This either uses up sugar or it is converted into glycogen.
In order. describe how the body controls low Blood Glucose levels. (6 steps.)
- Blood Sugar Levels become too low.
- Detected by Pancreas.
- Glucogen released by it.
- Absorbed by cells.
- Breaks down glycogen into glucose.
- Concentration Gradient changes B.G.L to higher.
Name and describe the six parts of a kidney.
- Renal Artery
- Renal Vein
- Cortex
- Renal Pelvis
- Medulla
- Ureter
What part of the Kidney Nephron where ultrafiltration occurs?
The Glomerulus.
Describe how salts and solutes are filtered through a kidney nephron.
- From the renal artery, blood gets ultrafiltered in the Glomerulus.
- The Bowman’s capsule absorbs water and dissolved solids.
- The blood travels around the proximal convoluted tubule where reabsorption of glucose and salts happens.
- Then the blood travels around the loop on Henle, where depending on the concentration of the solute concentration of the loop, osmosis moves water to nephron.
- Then the blood travels around the distal convoluted tubule where some salts are absorbed by the nephron.
What does a Bowman’s Capsule do?
- It absorbs water into the nephron.
2. It absorbs glucose, urea, and salt into the nephron.
What does a Proximal convoluted tubule do?
- It reabsorbs the glucose and salts back into the blood.
2. It absorbs a little amount of water into the nephron.