B1 - Cell Level Systems Flashcards by Zeeshan Yousuf

Name the 5 components of an animal cell:

Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the 8 components of a plant cell:

Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Cell Wall
Vacuole
Chloroplasts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the purpose of ribosomes?

Protein Synthesis.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the characteristic of a cell membrane?

It is partially permeable.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The mitochondria is known as…

The site of aerobic respiration.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a cell wall made of in a Plant Cell?

Cellulose. A polymer made up of glucose.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are chloroplasts known as?

The site of photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the two types of cells?

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What organisms are made up of Eukaryotic Cells?

Plants, Animals, Fungi…

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How big are Eukaryotic cells?

10 - 100 micrometers.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What organism is a Prokaryotic Cell?

Bacteria.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How big are prokaryotic cells?

0.1 - 5.0 micrometers.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the 8 components of a Prokaryotic Cell.

Loop of DNA.
Cell Membrane
Capsule (Slimy Layer)
Cell Wall (Made of Pepti-dog-lycan.)
Cytoplasm.
Flagella (Or Flagellum.)
Ribosomes
Plasmids (extra genes that are an advantage.)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the definition of a Prokaryotic Cell?

An Organism which contains no membrane organelles.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Similarities between PKs and EKs.

Both have Ribosomes.
Both have Cytoplasm.
Both have cell membrane.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Differences between PKs and EKs.

EKs have strands of DNA, but PKs have a loop of DNA.
EKs have membrane bound organelles but PKs don’t.
PKs have plasmids but EKs don’t.

Advantages of an Electron Microscope:

Higher Magnification

- Higher Resolution

Disadvantages of an Electron Microscope. (Get three at least.)

Black and White
Dead cells because of the vacuum required.
Expensive.
Needs highly trained staff.
Dangerous (Beta radiation and high voltage.)
Not portable.

Advantages of a Light Microscope: (Get three at least.)

Colored Image
Living cells (because you don’t need a vacuum.)
Cheap
Anyone can use it.
Little to no electricity is required.
No radiation.
Portable.

Disadvantages of a Light Microscope:

Low Magnification

- Low Resolution

Formula for finding out the size of an Image:

Image Size = Object Size x Magnification

What is the maximum magnification of a light microscope?

1500x

What is the maximum magnification of an electron microscope?

About 30,000x…

What is the order of the cell cycle?

G1 Phase (Growth of Organelles, Double all Organelles (except nucleus).
S - Phase (Synthesis of DNA - DNA replication.)
G2 Phase (MOAR GROWTH!!!!)
Mitosis (Cell Division)

In order, state the events that take place in mitosis.

1. Start with one cell. 2. DNA replicated (S - Phase) 3. The nucleus’ outer layer dissolves. 4. Chromosomes line up at the equator. 5. Spindle fibers attach from poles to center of the chromosomes (Metaphase) 6. Chromosomes get pulled apart, 1 copy to each pole (Anaphase) 7. Nuclei Reform in the 2 halves of the cell. 8. Cell splits into 2. (Telophase)

What is DNA a polymer of?

DNA is a polymer of nucleotides.

What are the three things that a nucleotide is made of?

1. One Phosphate “Backbone.” 2. One Deoxyribose sugar. 3. One Base (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine).

How do you test for DNA?

1. Grind Leak into a small pulp with salt. 2. Add water and mix well. 3. Add a small volume of pineapple juice and mix well. 4. Add a “good squirt” of washing up liquid. 5. Pour the liquid into a test tube and heat at 60˚C for 10 minutes. 6. Then, cool on ice. 7. Add chilled alcohol. 8. DNA will precipitate (immobilized bubbles) 9. Hook up the mucus (DNA) using a metal loop.

What are the two processes called for creating proteins?

1. Transcription. | 2. Translation.

What are the steps for Transcription?

1. Double-stranded DNA unwinds at the part where the gene is required. 2. Free nucleotides bind to exposed bases. 3. T (Thiamine) is replaced by U in RNA. 4. RNA polymerase joins the new nucleotide backbone together. 5. mRNA (messenger RNA) leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosomes.

What are the steps for Translation?

1. Amino acids are delivered by carrier molecules to add to the forming protein chain. 2. tRNA (folded shroud of RNA) binds to three mRNA bases. 3. tRNA releases its three amino acids (codon.)

What are the 4 types of mutation?

- Silent (When a base is replaced, but doesn’t affect the Gene sequence) - Substitution (When a base is replaced and affects the Gene.) - Deletion (When a base isn’t present.) - Addition (When a base is added.)