B2 - Scaling Up Flashcards
What is diffusion?
The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is Osmosis?
The net movement of water across a membrane.
How do you calculate the Water Potential Gradient?
Difference between Water Potential in two areas.
What is Water Potential a different way of saying?
Water Concentration.
What is a normal cell solution called? (In terms of Water Potential)
Isotonic Solution.
What do you call a cell solution that has a really high water potential? (In terms of Water Potential)
Hypo-tonic Solution.
What do you call a cell solution that has a really low water potential? (In terms of Water Potential)
Hyper-tonic Solution.
What do you call an animal cell in an Isotonic Solution?
Normal.
What do you call an animal cell in a Hypo-tonic Solution?
Lysed (Hemolysis).
What do you call an animal cell in an Hyper-tonic Solution?
Shriveled (Crenation.)
What do you call a plant cell in an Isotonic Solution?
Flaccid.
What do you call a plant cell in a Hypo-tonic Solution?
Turgid.
What do you call a plant cell in a Hyper-tonic Solution?
Shriveled (Plasmolysis).
What is Active Transport?
The net movement of particles against a concentration gradient. Energy is therefore required.
How do you calculate rate of diffusion?
Rate of Diffusion =
(Surface Area x Concentration Gradient) ÷ Distance
What is required for more efficient diffusion?
A higher Surface Area/Volume ratio.
How many ATPs are produced per glucose?
38 ATPs but 2 ATPs are required to start respiration. The net is 36 ATP.
What does Benedict’s reagent test for?
Glucose.
What does Iodine test for?
Starch.
What does Buiret test for?
Protein.
How does Blood Flow through the heart?
As the Blood Flows:
- The Blood goes into the heart downwards, through the Vena Cava.
- It enters the Right Atrium/
- It goes through the open Tricuspid Valve into your Right Ventricle.
- The Tricuspid valve closes.
- The Right Ventricle contracts and the blood goes through the open semi-ulner valve.
- It goes up through the Pulmonary Artery.
- It comes back from the heart through the Pulmonary Vein.
- It goes into the Left Atrium.
- It goes down, through the Bicuspid Valve, into the Left Ventricle.
- The Bicuspid Valve Closes.
- The Left Ventricle contracts and the blood goes through the open Aortic Valve.
- The Blood goes into the body through the Aorta.
What are the properties of Arteries?
- Thick Outer Wall
- Small Lumen (Diameter)
- A thick layer of muscle and elastic fibres.
This is for High Blood Pressure.
What are the properties of Veins?
- Thin Outer Wall
- Large Lumen (Diameter)
- A thin layer of muscle and elastic fibres.
This is for Low Blood Pressure.
What are the properties of capillaries?
- 1 cell thick wall.
- 1 cell wide Lumen (Diameter)
- No muscles.
- Can have pores.
