B3 Infection and response

Question 1

Agar gel

Answer 1

widely used solid (gel) culture medium used for growing microorganisms

Question 2

binary fission

Answer 2

reproduction by simple cell division, for example in bacteria

Question 3

Communicable disease

Answer 3

disease caused by pathogens that can be passed from one organism to another

Question 4

inoculate

Answer 4

introducing microorganisms to a culture medium, or introducing modified microorganisms into an individual to
protect them against disease

Question 5

Microorganisms

Answer 5

organisms that are usually single-celled and can only be seen using a microscope . They include bacteria, fungi,
viruses and protists

Question 6

Mutations

Answer 6

a change in the genetic material of an organism

Question 7

Non- communicable

Answer 7

are not infectious and cannot be passed from one organism to another

Question 8

pathogens

Answer 8

microorganisms that cause disease

Question 9

Sexually Transmitted disease

Answer 9

transmitted from an infected person to an uninfected person by unprotected sexual contact

Question 10

Vaccine

Answer 10

dead or inactive pathogenic material used in vaccination to develop immunity to a disease in a healthy person

Question 11

Virus

Answer 11

pathogens that are much smaller than bacteria and can only reproduce inside living cells of other organisms

Question 12

Clinical trials

Answer 12

Testing new drugs on healthy and patient volunteers

Question 13

Preclinical trials

Answer 13

Testing new drugs on cells, tissues and animals.

Question 14

Placebo

Answer 14

A medicine that does not contain the active drug (“dummy drug”) which is used as a control during clinical testing