B3) Ending WW1

Question 1

Why did Germany suspend its Unrestricted Warfare at Sea campaign after the sinking of the Lusitania?

Answer 1

Didn’t want to risk war with America.

Question 2

Why did Germany resume the campaign of Unrestricted Warfare at Sea in 1917?

Answer 2

They were getting desperate- the war effort/ blockade etc was wearing them down

Question 3

When did Germany resume their campaign of Unrestricted Warfare at Sea?

Answer 3

1917

Question 4

Why did America join the war on the Allied side? (3)

Answer 4

• sinking of the Lusitania
• resumption of Germany’s Unrestricted Warfare at Sea campaign
• Zimmerman Telegram

Question 5

What are the consequences of America joining the war? (3)

Answer 5

• Allies get more resources
• psychological blow for Germany
• wasn’t an immediate benefit- soldiers had to be trained

Question 6

When did American troops land in Europe?

Answer 6

Summer of 1918

Question 7

How many American soldiers came to Europe in 1918?

Answer 7

1 million

Question 8

What is the Zimmerman Telegram?

Answer 8

A document showing that Germany planned to form a secret alliance with Mexico against the USA.

Question 9

When was the Zimmerman Telegram discovered?

Answer 9

1917

Question 10

How big was the US navy?

Answer 10

Third largest in the world.

Question 11

When did America join the war?

Answer 11

1917

Question 12

When did Russia withdraw from the war?

Answer 12

1917

Question 13

Why did Russia leave the war? (3)

Answer 13

• a revolution in 1917 overthrew the Tsar and replaced him with a temporary government
• they found it hard to organise the war effort
• a second revolution put a communist party in charge who immediately ended the war

Question 14

What did Russia have to agree to in order to leave the war?

Answer 14

A harsh treaty with Germany forced them to give up huge areas of land which would supply raw materials for the army.

Question 15

How did Germany benefit from Russia leaving the war?

Answer 15

They could transfer their troops to the Western Front.

Question 16

How did the British Blockade affect Germany? (2)

Answer 16

• influenza epidemic killed many who were already weakened by food shortages
• mutinies in the navy

Question 17

What is the name of the treaty that Russia had to sign?

Answer 17

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Question 18

How many troops were America sending to the Western Front per month in 1918?

Answer 18

50,000

Question 19

What were Germany’s strengths in 1918?

Answer 19

They have an opportunity to transfer troops to the Western Front and attack before the Americans get there.

Question 20

What were Germany’s weaknesses in 1918? (4)

Answer 20

• America was sending troops and equipment to the Allies
• British Blockade was causing major shortages of resources
• Allies were making technology advances
• the army wasn’t as disciplined

Question 21

How were British aircraft hindering the German war effort?

Answer 21

They had searchlights and were being successfully used to target German U-boats.

Question 22

How many aircraft did the RFC have in October 1918?

Answer 22

20,000

Question 23

What is the RFC?

Answer 23

The Royal Flying Corps (British)

Question 24

What were storm troopers?

Answer 24

Highly trained German soldiers

Question 25

Who was General Ludendorff?

Answer 25

An experienced German ex-soldier

Question 26

What was the purpose of the Ludendorff Offensive?

Answer 26

A final push to win the war for Germany.

Question 27

What were the events of the Ludendorff Offensive?

Answer 27

* short and concentrated artillery bombardment * storm troopers attacked along the entire line in thick fog * broke through and advanced 64km- in range of Paris * forced to slow down because of casualties and lack of resources

Question 28

How many soldiers were lost during the Ludendorff Offensive?

Answer 28

400,000

Question 29

How far did the Germans advance in the Ludendorff Offensive?

Answer 29

64km

Question 30

When was the Ludendorff Offensive?

Answer 30

March 1918

Question 31

When did the Allies launch their counterattack?

Answer 31

8th August 1918

Question 32

How was new technology and tactics used during the 100 days Allies counterattack? (3)

Answer 32

* successful use of creeping barrage * tanks pushed through German lines * aircraft launched attacks behind German lines

Question 33

When did the German Army start retreating?

Answer 33

October 1918

Question 34

How many Germans were dying from starvation in 1918?

Answer 34

300,000

Question 35

What was the impact of the blockade in Germany? (3)

Answer 35

* starvation amongst civilians * riots in Berlin * mutinies in the navy

Question 36

When did the Kaiser abdicate?

Answer 36

November 1918

Question 37

Why was the Kaiser forced to abdicate? (2)

Answer 37

* still believed that Germany could win | * not trusted to negotiate peace by politicians-social democrats threatened to resign

Question 38

What kind of country did Germany become after the abdication?

Answer 38

A republic

Question 39

When was the armistice signed?

Answer 39

11th November 1918

Question 40

What was President Woodrow Wilson’s idea for the peace treaty?

Answer 40

He proposed a list of 14 point based on fairness and that he believed would prevent future conflict.

Question 41

What treaty did Germany actually have to agree to?

Answer 41

The Treaty of Versailles

Question 42

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? (5)

Answer 42

* reparations * release of all Allied prisoners * most of the navy to be surrendered * lots of weapons handed over * leave all occupied territory

Question 43

What was the aim of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 43

To make sure Germany was too weak to start a future war.

Question 44

How did Marshal Foch contribute to Germany’s defeat? (3)

Answer 44

* planned the Allied counterattack with Haig * led the planning that slowed the Ludendorff Offensive * exact contribution is debatable due to lack of evidence

Question 45

How did Douglas Haig contribute to Germany’s defeat? (2)

Answer 45

* led resistance against the Ludendorff Offensive | * planned the Allied counterattack with Foch

Question 46

When was Marshall Foch appointed commander-in-chief of all Allied armies?

Answer 46

1918

Question 47

Why was Marshall Foch appointed commander-in-chief of all Allied armies?

Answer 47

The British learned a lesson from the near success of the Ludendorff Offensive and copied by putting a single commander in charge of all their armies.

Question 48

What is the Hindenburg line?

Answer 48

The last line of German defences- Germany was pushed back to the Hindenburg line during the 100 days.