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History > B3) Ending WW1 > Flashcards

B3) Ending WW1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Germany suspend its Unrestricted Warfare at Sea campaign after the sinking of the Lusitania?

A

Didn’t want to risk war with America.

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2
Q

Why did Germany resume the campaign of Unrestricted Warfare at Sea in 1917?

A

They were getting desperate- the war effort/ blockade etc was wearing them down

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3
Q

When did Germany resume their campaign of Unrestricted Warfare at Sea?

A

1917

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4
Q

Why did America join the war on the Allied side? (3)

A
  • sinking of the Lusitania
  • resumption of Germany’s Unrestricted Warfare at Sea campaign
  • Zimmerman Telegram
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5
Q

What are the consequences of America joining the war? (3)

A
  • Allies get more resources
  • psychological blow for Germany
  • wasn’t an immediate benefit- soldiers had to be trained
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6
Q

When did American troops land in Europe?

A

Summer of 1918

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7
Q

How many American soldiers came to Europe in 1918?

A

1 million

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8
Q

What is the Zimmerman Telegram?

A

A document showing that Germany planned to form a secret alliance with Mexico against the USA.

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9
Q

When was the Zimmerman Telegram discovered?

A

1917

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10
Q

How big was the US navy?

A

Third largest in the world.

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11
Q

When did America join the war?

A

1917

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12
Q

When did Russia withdraw from the war?

A

1917

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13
Q

Why did Russia leave the war? (3)

A
  • a revolution in 1917 overthrew the Tsar and replaced him with a temporary government
  • they found it hard to organise the war effort
  • a second revolution put a communist party in charge who immediately ended the war
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14
Q

What did Russia have to agree to in order to leave the war?

A

A harsh treaty with Germany forced them to give up huge areas of land which would supply raw materials for the army.

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15
Q

How did Germany benefit from Russia leaving the war?

A

They could transfer their troops to the Western Front.

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16
Q

How did the British Blockade affect Germany? (2)

A
  • influenza epidemic killed many who were already weakened by food shortages
  • mutinies in the navy
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17
Q

What is the name of the treaty that Russia had to sign?

A

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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18
Q

How many troops were America sending to the Western Front per month in 1918?

A

50,000

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19
Q

What were Germany’s strengths in 1918?

A

They have an opportunity to transfer troops to the Western Front and attack before the Americans get there.

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20
Q

What were Germany’s weaknesses in 1918? (4)

A
  • America was sending troops and equipment to the Allies
  • British Blockade was causing major shortages of resources
  • Allies were making technology advances
  • the army wasn’t as disciplined
21
Q

How were British aircraft hindering the German war effort?

A

They had searchlights and were being successfully used to target German U-boats.

22
Q

How many aircraft did the RFC have in October 1918?

A

20,000

23
Q

What is the RFC?

A

The Royal Flying Corps (British)

24
Q

What were storm troopers?

A

Highly trained German soldiers

25
Q

Who was General Ludendorff?

A

An experienced German ex-soldier

26
Q

What was the purpose of the Ludendorff Offensive?

A

A final push to win the war for Germany.

27
Q

What were the events of the Ludendorff Offensive?

A
  • short and concentrated artillery bombardment
  • storm troopers attacked along the entire line in thick fog
  • broke through and advanced 64km- in range of Paris
  • forced to slow down because of casualties and lack of resources
28
Q

How many soldiers were lost during the Ludendorff Offensive?

A

400,000

29
Q

How far did the Germans advance in the Ludendorff Offensive?

A

64km

30
Q

When was the Ludendorff Offensive?

A

March 1918

31
Q

When did the Allies launch their counterattack?

A

8th August 1918

32
Q

How was new technology and tactics used during the 100 days Allies counterattack? (3)

A
  • successful use of creeping barrage
  • tanks pushed through German lines
  • aircraft launched attacks behind German lines
33
Q

When did the German Army start retreating?

A

October 1918

34
Q

How many Germans were dying from starvation in 1918?

A

300,000

35
Q

What was the impact of the blockade in Germany? (3)

A
  • starvation amongst civilians
  • riots in Berlin
  • mutinies in the navy
36
Q

When did the Kaiser abdicate?

A

November 1918

37
Q

Why was the Kaiser forced to abdicate? (2)

A
  • still believed that Germany could win

* not trusted to negotiate peace by politicians-social democrats threatened to resign

38
Q

What kind of country did Germany become after the abdication?

A

A republic

39
Q

When was the armistice signed?

A

11th November 1918

40
Q

What was President Woodrow Wilson’s idea for the peace treaty?

A

He proposed a list of 14 point based on fairness and that he believed would prevent future conflict.

41
Q

What treaty did Germany actually have to agree to?

A

The Treaty of Versailles

42
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? (5)

A
  • reparations
  • release of all Allied prisoners
  • most of the navy to be surrendered
  • lots of weapons handed over
  • leave all occupied territory
43
Q

What was the aim of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

To make sure Germany was too weak to start a future war.

44
Q

How did Marshal Foch contribute to Germany’s defeat? (3)

A
  • planned the Allied counterattack with Haig
  • led the planning that slowed the Ludendorff Offensive
  • exact contribution is debatable due to lack of evidence
45
Q

How did Douglas Haig contribute to Germany’s defeat? (2)

A
  • led resistance against the Ludendorff Offensive

* planned the Allied counterattack with Foch

46
Q

When was Marshall Foch appointed commander-in-chief of all Allied armies?

A

1918

47
Q

Why was Marshall Foch appointed commander-in-chief of all Allied armies?

A

The British learned a lesson from the near success of the Ludendorff Offensive and copied by putting a single commander in charge of all their armies.

48
Q

What is the Hindenburg line?

A

The last line of German defences- Germany was pushed back to the Hindenburg line during the 100 days.

History (14 decks)

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