Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > B2) WW1 stalemate > Flashcards

B2) WW1 stalemate Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

How long did the Belgian Army resist the Germans during the Schlieffen Plan?

A

2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why did the Schlieffen Plan fail? (3)

A
  • Underestimated Belgian resistance
  • BEF slowed G down
  • Russia mobilised quicker than expected
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How did Germany respond to Russia’s Army mobilising?

A

They were forced to send 100,000 troops East.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When was the Battle of Mons?

A

23rd August 1914

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were the events of the Battle of Mons? (3)

A
  • BEF landed in France and met the advancing Germans
  • BEF used bolt action rifles
  • surprised the Germans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the outcome of the Battle of Mons?

A

The BEF were defeated but succeeded in slowing the Germans down.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were the events of the French attack on Alsace-Lorraine? (Plan 17)

A

•French heavily defeated due to outdated tactics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How many died due to Plan 17?

A

200,000 in 12 weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When was the Battle of the Marne?

A

6th September 1914

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What were the events of the Battle of the Marne? (1)

A

•Britain and France managed to push the German Army back to the River Aisne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What were the consequences of the Battle of the Marne? (1)

A

•Both sides dug trenches- the beginning of stalemate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the Race to the Sea?

A

Both sides tried to outflank the enemy by extending the trenches towards the sea in an attempt to get control of the ports. (1914)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were the consequences of the Race to the Sea?

A

•extension of the trench system across France

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What were the stages of going ‘Over the Top’? (4)

A
  • ’barrage’- artillery bombardment of the enemy
  • soldiers go over no-man’s land to try and capture enemy trenches
  • defenders would fire machine guns
  • if attackers succeeded it was unlikely that they would be able to hold the trenches, forced back
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the ‘infantry charge’?

A

Foot soldiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What were conditions in the trenches like?

A
  • open to the elements (cold and wet/ muddy)
  • dead bodies
  • disease
  • infested with rats
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which 2 diseases were common in the trenches?

A

Dysentery and trenchfoot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What was artillery?

A

Heavy guns (caused the most casualties)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What was the ‘creeping barrage’?

A

More accurately fired artillery bombardment would continue while the soldiers went across no-man’s land to protect them against enemy fire.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What artillery tactic was developed later in the war?

A

Creeping barrage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How was artillery used at the start of the war?

A

Used to bombard the enemy before an infantry attack.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Did use of artillery have an impact on the stalemate?

A

Didn’t break deadlock because both sides had it, also it churned up the land and made it impossible to advance effectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a specific example of an artillery weapon used in the war?

A

“Big Bertha”- a massive German gun

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is an example of successful use of artillery?

A

The Battle of Vimy Ridge 1917- Allied soldiers captured German trenches using the creeping barrage tactic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is an example of unsuccessful use of artillery?

A

The Battle of the Somme 1916- 7 day artillery bombardment failed to destroy German defences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which side invented tanks?

A

Britain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What was the first tank called?

A

Mark 1- “Little Willie”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When were tanks first used?

A

During the Battle of the Somme 1916

The Battle of Flers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What were tanks like at the start of the war?

A
  • unreliable- broke down frequently

* couldn’t release fumes, would overheat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What were tanks like at the end of the war?

A

They had improved but were still unreliable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How fast was “Little Willie”?

A

2 mph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

How fast was the Mark 4 tank?

A

3.7 mph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is an example of successful use of tanks?

A

Battle of Cambrai 1917

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What were machine guns used for?

A

Defence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What were machine guns like at the start of the war? (4)

A
  • heavy
  • 8-10 bullets a second
  • would overheat
  • easily jammed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What were machine guns like at the end of the war?

A
  • portable, lightweight
  • efficient
  • used by most platoons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is an example of the use of machine guns?

A

Battle of the Somme 1916- used by the Germans to kill the British as they walked across no-man’s land.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What were aircraft used for?

A

Reconnaissance (spying), ‘dog-fighting’ and bombing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What were aircraft like at the start of the war? (2)

A
  • made of wood and canvas

* fragile and basic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What were aircraft like at the end of the war?

A
  • made of aluminium

* added machine guns to the front (synchronised firing- bullets were timed to be fired through the propellers 1915)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

When was poison gas first used?

A

At the 2nd Battle of Ypres by the Germans 1915

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

How many soldiers died from gas attacks?

A

3000

-most feared by soldiers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Which gas was used at the start of the war?

A

Chlorine gas (had a colour)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

How was chlorine gas used at the start of the war?

A

They would open a canister and let the gas blow over to the enemy trenches- ineffective, often the wind took it back to them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What did chlorine gas do to soldiers?

A

Suffocated and blinded them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Which gases were used later in the war?

A

Mustard gas (colourless and odourless) and Phosgene gas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What did phosgene gas do to soldiers?

A

Dissolved the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How was gas used at the end of the war?

A

Gas shells were developed in 1916.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What protective technology was developed during the war? (3)

A
  • steel helmets 1916
  • camouflage
  • gas masks 1917
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What were some jobs that soldiers did in the trenches? (3)

A
  • sentry duty
  • repairing/ building trenches
  • sappers- ex miners who planted shells underneath enemy trenches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What is patriotism?

A

Pride for your country- many soldiers felt like this.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How long were soldiers meant to spend in the trenches?

A

10 days per month and as little as 3 days in the front line trenches.

52
Q

What were ‘Pals Battalions’?

A

Groups of friends/ neighbours etc. who had enlisted in the army to serve together.

53
Q

How were soldiers punished?

A

Soldiers could be court- martialled (tried in an army court) and even executed.

54
Q

How many British soldiers were executed by an army court?

A

3080 were sentenced but only 346 were carried out.

55
Q

How was morale kept up in the trenches?

A

Soldiers received parcels from home and luxuries eg chocolate and cigarettes.

56
Q

Who had the best rations?

A

Britain- the average working class soldier gained 10kg while in the army.

57
Q

What are the key battles on the Western Front?

A
  • Verdun 1916
  • the Somme 1916
  • Passchendale (3rd battle of Ypres) 1917
58
Q

Which side started Verdun?

A

German offensive

59
Q

When was Verdun?

A

February 1916

60
Q

What was the aim of Verdun?

A

Germany wanted to weaken the French and break the deadlock

-“bleed France white”

61
Q

Why didn’t the French give up at Verdun?

A

They were determined to keep Verdun because it was good for morale
-French army were near breaking point
“Ils ne passeront pas”

62
Q

Who was the German commander at Verdun?

A

Falkenhyn

63
Q

How long was the bombardment at the start of Verdun?

A

8 hours, 2 million shells

64
Q

How many died at Verdun?

A

700,000 by July 1916 (from both sides)

65
Q

What are the main events of Verdun? (4)

A
  • German bombardment
  • French were failing to recapture lost territory
  • offensive at the Somme launched- German resources diverted
  • French recaptured the land and pushed the Germans back Dec 1916
66
Q

How were planes used at Verdun?

A

Used to spy on German artillery positions by the French, dog fights and to drop explosives in enemy trenches.
-both sides developed large numbers of aircraft for Verdun

67
Q

What were the consequences of Verdun? (3)

A
  • Germany failed to break through
  • both sides heavily weakened
  • Battle of the Somme
68
Q

When was the Battle of the Somme?

A

1st July 1916

69
Q

Who started the Battle of the Somme?

A

Bristish offensive

70
Q

What was the purpose of the Battle of the Somme? (2)

A
  • divert the Germans away from Verdun + relieve pressure from the French army
  • targets were Thiepval and the Schwaben Redoute
71
Q

How long was the artillery bombardment at the start of the Somme?

A

7 days, 1.5 million shells

72
Q

What signified the start of the Battle of the Somme?

A

Detonation of Lochnagar mine at 7:28am

73
Q

How many British casualties were there on the first day of the Battle of the Somme?

A

57,000

74
Q

How many men were in the first wave in the Battle of the Somme infantry charge?

A

100,000

75
Q

What was the purpose of the bombardment at the start of the Battle of the Somme?

A

To obliterate the German defences and kill all of the soldiers- believed it would make it easy for the British troops (mostly volunteers)

76
Q

Why was the bombardment at the Somme unsuccessful?

A

The Germans were in deep concrete bunkers so nothing was destroyed.

77
Q

Who was leading the British in the Battle of the Somme?

A

Douglas Haig

78
Q

Why was the first day of the Somme so disastrous? (2)

A
  • too much faith in artillery

* inflexible commanders

79
Q

How did inflexible commanders worsen the Battle of the Somme?

A

General Morland watched the massacre from afar and refused to change the plan, sent out a 3rd wave of men-
“Lions led by donkeys”

80
Q

How were British soldiers told to attack in the Battle of the Somme?

A

Told to walk across no-man’s land because the bombardment would destroy everything for them.

81
Q

What improvements to tactics were made as a result of the Battle of the Somme? (2)

A
  • creeping barrage

* have generals on the battlefield eg Lieutenant Colonel Frank Maxwell led a Somme offensive on the ground

82
Q

What were the outcomes of the Battle of the Somme? (3)

A
  • successful in the sense that it provided relief for Verdun
  • failed to break through German defences
  • Allies gained Thiepval, couldn’t hold Schwaben Redoute
83
Q

When was the Battle of Flers?

A

15th September 1916

84
Q

What happened in the Battle of Flers?

A

Tanks were used for the first time but ineffectively- were behind the troops but should’ve been in front + one broke down on the battlefield.

85
Q

How many casualties were there by the end of the Battle of the Somme?

A

1.25 million (from both sides)

86
Q

Which battle was the Battle of Flers part of?

A

Battle of the Somme

87
Q

How were aircraft used at the Battle of the Somme?

A

Used to give commanders accurate information about the battle.

88
Q

When was Passchendaele?

A

31st July 1917

89
Q

What is Passchendaele also called?

A

3rd battle of Ypres

90
Q

Who started Passchendaele?

A

British offensive

91
Q

What were the events of Passchendaele?

A
  • British mines detonated at Messines under German artillery positions- 10,000 killed
  • bad weather hindered progress
92
Q

What happened at the Battle of Cambrai?

A

350 tanks made good progress but were unable to hold the land without help from infantry.

93
Q

Which battle was the Battle of Cambrai part of?

A

Passchendaele

94
Q

How many allied casualties were there from Passchendaele?

A

250,000 -even more on the German side

95
Q

When were gas shells developed?

A

1916

96
Q

When was synchronised firing developed?

A

1915

97
Q

When were steel helmets introduced?

A

1916

98
Q

When were gas masks developed?

A

1917

99
Q

When was the Gallipoli Campaign?

A

March 1915

100
Q

Who’s idea was the Gallipoli Campaign?

A

Winston Churchill

101
Q

What was the purpose of the Gallipoli Campaign? (3)

A
  • to remove Turkey from the war
  • open a new front to break the stalemate
  • secure the Dardanelles -a warm water port to use as a supply route for Russia
102
Q

Whose side was Turkey on?

A

Germany

103
Q

What is the Dardanelles Strait?

A

A narrow stretch of water separating Europe and Asia.

104
Q

What were the events of the Gallipoli Campaign?

A
  • ships couldn’t advance because of heavy Turkish defences so the plan was changed
  • soldiers landed on peninsula and were stuck on the beaches in awful conditions
105
Q

Why did the Gallipoli Campaign fail? (3)

A
  • lack of accurate information about the land and the Turkish defences
  • boats weren’t appropriate for landings
  • overconfidence in the navy
106
Q

How many casualties were there at Gallipoli?

A

Half a million- a large proportion of which were Anzac troops

107
Q

How was the Dardanelles Straits defended?

A

Mines all the way up the Straits in the water, guns and forts on both sides of the water.

108
Q

Why was it thought that the War at Sea was going to be important?

A

There had been an Anglo-German naval race leading up to the so people thought there would be sea battles featuring the dreadnoughts.

109
Q

What is the main feature of the War at Sea?

A

The British Blockade- a massive factor of the German surrender

110
Q

What new technology was developed for the War at Sea?

A

Torpedoes- underwater missiles

111
Q

What are U-boats?

A

German submarines

112
Q

What was involved in the British Blockade?

A

Planted mines at Germany’s ports so that ships couldn’t enter or leave.

113
Q

How did Germany respond to the British Blockade?

A

Unrestricted Warfare at Sea campaign

114
Q

What was Germany’s Unrestricted Warfare at Sea campaign?

A

It said that they would target any ship they believed was helping Britain using their U-boats

115
Q

When was the sinking of the Lusitania?

A

1915

116
Q

What is the Lusitania?

A

A British passenger liner traveling from New York to Britain.

117
Q

Why did Germany target the Lusitania?

A

They (rightly) suspected that America was using it to smuggle illegal weapons into Britain to help them.

118
Q

How many American citizens were on the Lusitania?

A

128

119
Q

What are Q-ships?

A

British decoy ships- merchant ships armed with disguised heavy guns.

120
Q

What is a convoy?

A

Where warships escorted merchant ships.

121
Q

When was the convoy system introduced?

A

1917

122
Q

What was the effect of the convoy system?

A

Cut Allied shipping losses by 20%

123
Q

When was the Battle of Jutland?

A

May 1916

124
Q

Which British commanders were in charge at the Battle of Jutland?

A

Jellicoe and Beatty

125
Q

What were the events of the Battle of Jutland?

A
  • Germans had planned an attack on a B merchant ship
  • British outnumbered the Germans
  • Germans left and Britain remained in control of the North Sea for the rest of the war
  • indecisive Battle
126
Q

How many ships and troops did Britain lose in the battle of Jutland?

A

14 ships, 6000 men

127
Q

How many ships did Germany lose in the Battle of Jutland?

A

13 ships, 2500 men

128
Q

How long did it take for Russia to mobilise their army?

A

10 days

History (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions