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history > B1) Causes of WW1 > Flashcards

B1) Causes of WW1 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Germany unified?

A

1871 after the Franco-Prussian war.

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2
Q

Why was France bitter after the Franco-Prussian war?

A

They were badly defeated and Germany took control of Alsace-Lorraine (an important industrial area of France).

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3
Q

When did Germany form an alliance with Austria-Hungary?

A

1879

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4
Q

When did Germany form an alliance with Italy?

A

1882

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5
Q

What was the Triple Alliance and when was it formed?

A

The alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, 1882.

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6
Q

What was Germany’s population in 1914?

A

68 million

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7
Q

How successful were Germany in industry in 1914?

A

Very, was producing 2x as much steel as Britain and 1/3 of the world’s electrical goods.

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8
Q

Why was Germany interested in making alliances? (3)

A
  • worried that France would want revenge for the Franco-Prussian war
  • fear of encirclement
  • interest in building an empire to rival Britain’s
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9
Q

What are the causes of the First World War? (MANIA)

A

Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination.

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10
Q

What were Germany’s strengths in 1914? (3)

A
  • powerful, newly unified country
  • big army
  • leading the world in terms of industry
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11
Q

How big was Germany’s army in 1914?

A

2 million soldiers and 108 warships (biggest apart from Russia but better organised and equipped)

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12
Q

What were Germany’s weaknesses in 1914? (1)

A

Threat of encirclement from Triple Entente

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13
Q

What were Austria-Hungary’s strengths in 1914? (3)

A
  • large empire in Central Europe
  • quite big army
  • support from powerful Germany
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14
Q

What were Austria-Hungary’s weaknesses in 1914? (1)

A

•empire was very unstable as it contained many nationalities and ethnic groups who wanted independence

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15
Q

Who governed Germany and what form of government was it under?

A
  • Kaiser Wilhelm 2

* autocracy

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16
Q

What were Italy’s strengths in 1914? (2)

A
  • protected by Triple Alliance

* starting to build an empire

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17
Q

What were Italy’s weaknesses in 1914? (1)

A

•not trusted to side with G and A-H if a war broke out

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18
Q

What is the Entente Cordiale?

A

An informal alliance between Britain and France.

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19
Q

When was the Entente Cordiale signed?

A

1904

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20
Q

Why was France interested in making alliances?

A

To gain power in order to have revenge on Germany after the Franco-Prussian war (1870).

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21
Q

When was the Franco-Russian Alliance agreed?

A

1894

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22
Q

Why was the Kaiser worried about the Triple Entente?

A

Encircled Germany.

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23
Q

Why was the Triple Entente formed?

A

All worried about Germany’s growing power.

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24
Q

When was the Anglo-Russian Entente made?

A

1907

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25
Q

Why was the Franco-Russian Alliance made? (3)

A
  • Kaiser didn’t like close relations with Russia
  • Russia needed a loan to help the economy
  • France wanted revenge
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26
Q

Why was the Entente Cordiale made? (3)

A
  • Anglo-German rivalry
  • France wanted revenge
  • agreed not to interfere each other’s empires
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27
Q

Why was the Anglo-Russian Entente made? (3)

A
  • increased tension in Europe due to Moroccan Crises
  • completes the Triple Entente
  • agreed to settle differences in the Middle East
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28
Q

What were Britain’s strengths in 1914? (2)

A
  • biggest + strongest navy in the world

* lots of resources from the empire

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29
Q

How big was the British Empire in 1914?

A

390 million people, biggest empire in the world.

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30
Q

What were Britain’s weaknesses in 1914? (2)

A
  • empire was spread across the world

* Germany’s growing power was a threat to the empire and navy

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31
Q

What were France’s strengths in 1914? (1)

A

•strengthened by Triple Entente

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32
Q

What were France’s weaknesses in 1914? (2)

A
  • not as strong as Germany

* weakened by loss of Alsace-Lorraine

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33
Q

What were Russia’s strengths in 1914? (2)

A
  • massive army

* friendship with Serbia

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34
Q

What were Russia’s weaknesses in 1914? (2)

A
  • not industrial

* weakened by defeat from Japan in 1904

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35
Q

How big was Germany’s empire in 1914?

A

15 million people

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36
Q

Why did Britain want splendid isolation?

A

Wanted to focus on expansion of the empire rather than getting involved in European rivalry.

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37
Q

Why did Britain come out of splendid isolation?

A

To try and stop Germany from threatening their position as the most powerful empire in the world.

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38
Q

What were the Kaiser’s main priorities? (2)

A
  • ’place in the sun’

* wanted a powerful empire and navy to rival Britain’s

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39
Q

What was the Kaiser’s foreign policy?

A

Weltpolitik was the imperialist foreign policy adopted by the Kaiser. The aim was to transform Germany into a global power.

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40
Q

What kind of character was Kaiser Wilhelm 2? (3)

A
  • unstable and unpredictable, very rash
  • very ambitious
  • unhappy childhood meant that he couldn’t interact with people well
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41
Q

Why did Germany want a big navy?

A

To protect their growing empire- led Britain to believe they were going to invade/ threaten their empire.

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42
Q

What is a dreadnought?

A

A new kind of British warship, made to strengthen their navy against Germany’s.

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43
Q

Features of a dreadnought. (4)

A
  • thick army plating
  • fast turbine engines
  • long range guns
  • rotating guns
44
Q

When did Britain make the first dreadnought?

A

1906

45
Q

What was Britain’s initial attempt to limit German naval expansion?

A

Offered an agreement with Germany in 1900 about naval expansion but Germany refused- tension.

46
Q

How many dreadnoughts did Britain have in 1914?

A

29

47
Q

How many dreadnoughts did Germany have in 1914?

A

17

48
Q

Why did European rearmament increase the likelihood of war?

A

Made other countries nervous- who would attack first?

49
Q

Who’s army had expanded the most by 1914?

A

Germany

50
Q

Who was in charge of Germany’s navy?

A

Admiral Von Turpitz

51
Q

What was Germany’s plan for war called?

A

The Schlieffen Plan

52
Q

What did the Schlieffen Plan involve?

A

Take France by surprise by invading through neutral Belgium, defeat France in 6 weeks, double back to fight Russia.

53
Q

Why did Germany think they could defeat France in 6 weeks?

A

They had done it before in the Franco-Prussian war.

54
Q

What was Britain’s plan for war?

A

Create a small but strong military force (BEF) to aid France if they were attacked.

55
Q

How many soldiers were in the BEF?

A

150,000

56
Q

What was France’s plan for war called?

A

Plan 17

57
Q

What did Plan 17 involve?

A

Attack Germany through Alsace-Lorraine and force them to surrender.

58
Q

What was France’s army like in 1914?

A

Large and well-equipped.

59
Q

What was Austria-Hungary’s plan for war?

A

Relied on the success of the Schlieffen Plan, wanted to fight alongside Germany.

60
Q

What was Russia’s plan for war?

A

Overwhelm the German and Austrian armies with their millions of soldiers.

61
Q

What was Russia’s army like in 1914?

A

Biggest in Europe but badly equipped and organised.

62
Q

What was the point of the Schlieffen Plan?

A

So that Germany could avoid fighting on two fronts.

63
Q

How long did Germany think it would take Russia to mobilise its army?

A

10 weeks

64
Q

When was the First Moroccan Crisis?

A

1905-1906

65
Q

When was the Second Moroccan Crisis?

A

1911

66
Q

What were the events of the First Moroccan Crisis?

A
  • France wanted control of Morocco
  • Kaiser made a speech supporting Morocco’s independence
  • Kaiser’s views were rejected at a conference in Algeciras
67
Q

What were the consequences of the First Moroccan Crisis? (4)

A
  • Triple Entente was completed the year after (1907)
  • Kaiser concerned about how strongly Britain backed France- encirclement
  • increased tension in Europe
  • Kaiser humiliated
68
Q

What was ‘the Panther’?

A

A battle ship sent to Agadir by the Kaiser in 1911.

69
Q

What were the events of the Second Moroccan Crisis?

A
  • Kaiser sent ‘the Panther’ to Agadir
  • B and F got worried that he would try to set up a naval base
  • another conference, Kaiser was given some land as compensation
70
Q

What were the consequences of the Second Moroccan Crisis? (3)

A
  • Kaiser humiliated again
  • increased tension
  • sped up battle plans -parliament started debating about readiness for war
71
Q

When was the Bosnian Crisis?

A

1908

71
Q

What does annex mean?

A

To take over

72
Q

What were the events of the Bosnian Crisis?

A
  • A-H annexed Bosnia unannounced
  • Serbia is mad, appeals to Russia who call a conference
  • A-H refuse to attend and are backed by Germany
  • Germany intimidates Russia into backing down
73
Q

Why was Serbia mad when Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia?

A

They wanted to take over Bosnia to create a ‘Greater Serbia’ and unite the Slavs.

74
Q

Why did Russia have a close connection with Serbia?

A

They were both Slavs.

75
Q

Why did Russia submit to Germany after the Bosnian Crisis?

A

They weren’t ready for war, Germany was more powerful

76
Q

What were the consequences of the Bosnian Crisis? (4)

A
  • Russia is humiliated so starts making war plans
  • A-H confident about Germany’s support
  • Triple Entente are brought closer
  • increased tension
77
Q

Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

A

The heir to the Austrian throne

78
Q

When was the assassination?

A

28th June, 1914

79
Q

Where did the assassination of Franz Ferdinand happen?

A

Sarajevo, Bosnia

80
Q

Who killed Franz Ferdinand?

A

Gravrilo Princip

81
Q

What was the name of the terrorist group involved in the assassination?

A

The Black Hand

82
Q

Where were the terrorists from who assassinated Franz Ferdinand?

A

Bosnia but were trained and given weapons by Serbia.

83
Q

Why did the assassination happen?

A

The Serbs and the Bosnians were mad at A-H for the Bosnian Crisis in 1908.

84
Q

How did chance play a part in the assassination?

A

First attempt failed, the planned route was changed, driver got lost and happened to pass the cafe that Princip was in.

85
Q

What did A-H send to Serbia after the assassination?

A

A 10 point ultimatum.

86
Q

When did A-H send Serbia the ultimatum?

A

23rd July 1914

87
Q

What was Serbia’s response to the ultimatum?

A

They accepted all but one point because they were keen to avoid war but they were unwilling to accept Austrian interference in the justice system.

88
Q

Who was the first to declare war?

A

Austria-Hungary on Serbia.

89
Q

When did Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia?

A

28th July 1914

90
Q

When did Russia mobilise its army?

A

30th July 1914

91
Q

When did Germany declare war on Russia?

A

1st August 1914

92
Q

When was Belgium declared a neutral country?

A

1839

93
Q

When did Germany invade Belgium?

A

4th August 1914

94
Q

When did Britain declare war on Germany?

A

4th August 1914

95
Q

When did Austria-Hungary declare war on Russia?

A

6th August 1914

96
Q

Why did A-H declare war on Serbia?

A

They didn’t accept all demands of the ultimatum.

97
Q

Why did Russia mobilise its army after the first declaration of war?

A

Supported Serbia (both Slavs)

98
Q

Why did Germany declare war on Russia?

A

Supported Austria-Hungary.

99
Q

Why did Germany invade Belgium?

A

The Schlieffen Plan, take France by surprise by invading through neutral Belgium.

100
Q

Why did Britain declare war on Germany?

A

Germany violated Belgium’s neutrality.

101
Q

What is the order of the declarations of war? (7)

A
  • A-H on Serbia
  • Germany on Russia
  • Germany on France
  • Germany on Belgium
  • Britain on Germany
  • France on Germany
  • A-H on Russia
102
Q

When did Germany declare war on France?

A

3rd August 1914

103
Q

When did Germany declare war on Belgium?

A

4th August 1914

104
Q

When did France declare war on Germany?

A

5th August 1914

105
Q

When did Germany start making dreadnoughts?

A

1908

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