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Biology > B3 > Flashcards

B3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the name of the chemicals found in food?

A

Nutrients

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of carbohydrate?

A

Sugar, starch and fibre

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3
Q

What is the function of sugar (carbohydrate)?

A

Gives us energy

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4
Q

What is the function of starch (carbohydrate)?

A

Gives us energy

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5
Q

What is the function of fibre (carbohydrate)?

A

Prevents constipation

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6
Q

What are carbohydrates made up of?

A

Long chains of simple sugars like glucose.

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7
Q

What enzyme digests carbohydrates?

A

Carbohydrase enzyme

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8
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Long chains of amino acids.

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9
Q

What is the function of protein in the diet?

A

Protein is for the growth and repair of body tissues

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10
Q

Where is protein digested?

A

Small intestine and stomach

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11
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that digests proteins?

A

Protease

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12
Q

Name 2 food that contain protein.

A

Eggs, milk, chicken, beans, etc

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13
Q

What is the function of fats in the diet?

A

To give us energy and provide insulation

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14
Q

What are fats made up of?

A

1 molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acids.

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15
Q

Where are fats digested?

A

In the small intestine

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16
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down fats?

A

Lipase

17
Q

What is another name for fats?

A

Lipids

18
Q

Name 2 types of foods that contains fats.

A

Cream, butter, oils etc

19
Q

What is the chemical test for starch?

A

Add iodine (brick-red) solution. If the solution turns blue-black, starch is present.

20
Q

What is the chemical test for sugar?

A

Add benedicts (blue) solution. Heat gently for 10 minutes. If the solution turns orange, sugar is present.

21
Q

What is the chemical test for fats?

A

Add ethanol slowly down the side of the tube. A white precipitate indicates fats are present.

22
Q

What is the chemical test for proteins?

A

Add biuret (blue) solution. If the solution turns violet, protein is present.

23
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up the rate of reactions in the body.

24
Q

Where are enzymes made?

A

Pancreas

25
Q

What is the name of the specific shape of the enzyme that binds the substrate molecule?

A

Active site

26
Q

What is the name of the molecule the enzyme breaks down?

A

Substrate molecule.

27
Q

When the enzyme and substrate molecule combine, what is formed?

A

An enzyme-substrate complex.

28
Q

What is formed after an enzyme substrate complex forms?

A

Products

29
Q

What is the optimum temperature for enzymes in the body?

A

37-40 degrees celsius.

30
Q

What part of the digestive system is the last place where enzymes digest food?

A

Small intestine

31
Q

How do higher temperatures affect enzyme action?

A

Higher temperature mean the enzyme and substrate molecules have more kinetic energy. This means they will collide more frequently and release more products (up to 40 degrees).

32
Q

When an enzyme changes shape due to changes in temperature and pH, it can no longer fit the substrate molecule. The enzyme is said to be _____________.

A

Denatured

33
Q

Amylase is an carbohydrase. What is the substrate of amylase?

A

Starch

34
Q

What is the function of bile?

A

Bile is a green liquid produced by the liver. Bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats. This gives a larger surface area for lipase enzyme to act on.

35
Q

What is the formula to calculate the rate of enzyme action.

A

1/time taken

Biology (8 decks)

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