B3 Flashcards
what is a pathogen?
a microorganism that can cause disease
4 ways we can reduce the spread of an infectious disease:
-improved hygiene
-vaccination
-kitting the vectors that carry pathogens
-isolating or quarantining people who are infected
are viruses living organisms?
no
are viruses made of cells?
no
how can measles be spread between people?
via droplets in air when an infected person coughs or sneezes
what are the symptoms of measles?
-fever
-red skin rash
two ways hiv can spread between people:
-sexual contact
-exchange of bodily fluids
what is the treatment for hiv/aids?
-antiretroviral drugs
what type of organism does tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) infect?
plants
what is the main symptom of tmv?
patches of the leaves get discoloured
is bacteria unicellular or multicellular?
unicellular
what proteins do bacteria release?
toxins
what is the treatment for gonorrhoea ?
antibiotics such as penicillin
are fungi unicellular, multicellular or can be either?
can be either
what are protists considered ?
parasites
what acts as barriers to reduce the entry of pathogens?
-enzymes in tears
-skin
-hairs in the nose
what are the hairs in the nose coated in to watch pathogens?
mucus
what hair-like projections waft mucus and pathogens away from the lungs?
cilia
what substance does the stomach produce to kill pathogens
hydrochloric acid
what is the role of the immune system?
to locate and destroy pathogens that enter the body
which type of cells are part of the immune system
white blood cells
what are phagocytes?
a special type of blood cell
what are functions of white blood cells?
phagocytosis
produce antitoxins
producing antibodies
what do phagocytes do?
carry out phagocytosis
