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Test 1 IBI > B3-015 - Cell Antibody Function > Flashcards

B3-015 - Cell Antibody Function Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antigen

A

any substance that can bind tot an antibody or an cellular receptor

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2
Q

Immunogen

A

an antigen capable of eliciting an immune response

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3
Q

epitope/antigenic determinant

A

portion of antigen that binds

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4
Q

If a patient tolerates vaccines well what is that indicative of

A

T cell function is ok and innate immune system working

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5
Q

CD3 level is indicative of what

A

presence of T cells

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6
Q

What is CD16/56 a marker for

A

NK cells

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7
Q

What is CD19 a marker for

A

B cells

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8
Q

What is X linked agammaglobulinemia

A

A defect in gene coding for BTK (brutons tyrosine kinase)

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9
Q

What does a defect in BTK cause

A

X linked agammaglobulinemia
Defective enzyme function and level
Responsible for B cell maturation, survival, proliferation

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10
Q

What is a primary immunodeficiency

A

a deficiency not caused by other factors

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11
Q

What is a secondary immune deficiency

A

due to disease, medications, malnutrition

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12
Q

What lab abnormalities are indicative of B cells

A

absent or reduced follicles and germinal centers in lymphoid organs
Reduced Ig levels

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13
Q

What are common infectious consequences of B cell definciencies

A

Pyogenic bacterial infections, enteric bacterial and viral infections

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14
Q

What labs are typical of T cell deficiencies

A

May be reduced T cell zones in lymphoid organs

Defective T cell proliferative responses to mitogens in vitro

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15
Q

What are common infectious consequences of T cell deficiencies

A

Viral and other intracellular microbial infections
Virus associated malignancies
EBV associated lymphomas

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16
Q

What are 4 primary immune deficiencies of the humoral category (antibody, B lymphocytes affected)

A

X linked agammaglobulinemia
Hyper IgM syndrome
Selective IgA deficiency
Common variable immune deficiency

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17
Q

Describe the process of B cell maturation

A

HSC –> CLP –> ProB –> Pre-B –> PreBCR checkpoint with BTK –> Immature B cell –> mature B cell

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18
Q

what is the most immature B cell

A

Pro B cell

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19
Q

What occurs to create a pre B cell

A

VDJ recombination

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20
Q

What is essential for progression of maturation into an immature B cell

A

BTK

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21
Q

If a drug targets CD20- what happens

A

all maturation of B cells wouldn’t happen

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22
Q

what are peripheral lymphoid organs

A

lymph nodes, spleen, mucosal and cutaneous immune surfaces

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23
Q

lymph organs throughout the body are there for

A

rapid surveillance and quick immune response

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24
Q

Encapsulated nodular aggregates of lymphoid tissue is located throughout the body in what

A

lymphatic chains

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25
The fluid that drains through the lymph does what
holds antigen presenting cells that sample microbes circulating
26
What picks up microbes and where do they go
dendritic cells pick up microbes and transport them to the lymph nodes concentrating them for an immune response
27
what does the spleen do
filters blood capturing microbial antigens that have been concentrated by dendritic cells and macrophages
28
The spleen contains abundant what
phagocytes
29
where are B cells located in the spleen
in the follicles and white pulp
30
what are lymphoid tissues with antigen presenting cells
skin respiratory mucosa GI mucosa
31
where is lymph tissue in the GI mucosa
Peyers patches in SI | Tonsils
32
What do B cells do
neutralize microbe, phagocytosis, complement activation
33
what do helper T cells do
activate macrophages, inflammation, activation of T and B lymphocytes
34
what do cytotoxic t cells do
kill infected cells
35
what doe regulatory t cells do
suppress immune response
36
what are the outcomes of antigen recognition by a B cell
Antibody secretion Isotype switching Affinity maturation Memory B cell
37
what are plasma cells
long living mature B cells
38
what do plasma cells do
produce high affinity antibodies even after antigen removed | stimulated by infections and vaccines
39
what do memory cells do
do not produce antibody | ready to rapidly respond to antigen reintroduction
40
describe the general structure of antibodies
2 identical heavy chains and light chains have a variable region and a constant region C region is either in membrane or secreted
41
describe the structure of the heavy chain
1V and 3-4 C
42
describe the structure of the light chain
1V and 1 C
43
DESCRIBE THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN DOMAIN
folded layers of a beta pleated sheet held together by a disulfide bond connected by protruding loops
44
what is Fab
fragment antigen binding region
45
what is the hinge regions
flexible for increased binding to the2 Fab regions
46
what is Fc
crystalizes in solution | responsible for biologic activity of antibodies
47
what are CDR loops
in the V regions of the immunoglobulin domain responsible for antigen recognition
48
what has the greatest variability and contributes the most to antigen binding
CDR3
49
IgM and IgG are present where
naive B cells
50
where is IgA
mucosal surfaces
51
IgG can do what that is unique
cross the placenta
52
Where is IgD
Naive B cell antigen receptor
53
What is IgE
defense against helminthic parasites, immediate hypersensitivity
54
IgG does what
opsonization, complement activation, antibody depended cell mediated cytotoxicity, neonatal immunity, feedback inhibition
55
what does IgM do
naive B cell antigen receptor, compliment activation
56
where is the antibody binding region
VH chain and VL chain CDRs (complementarity determining region)
57
what is affinity
strength of Ag-Ab bond | increases with repeated exposure
58
what is avidity
total strength of multiple bonds
59
what is cross reactivity
Abs may bind to related Ags with similar epitopes
60
Without T cell help what type of antigen causes a weak or absent antibody response
Protein antigens
61
T dependent B cell responses
APCs present to T cells that activate B cells and induce class switching and affinity maturation
62
induce a T independent B cell response
polysaccharides, lipids, other non protein antigens
63
Why is T independent B cell response simpler
less isotype switching | less affinity maturation
64
what is the primary antibody response
within days IgM produce/wanes low affinity plasma cells go ont o produce IgG
65
What is secondary antibody response
within days larger response IgG higher affinity
66
what is characteristic of CVID
``` recurrent bacterial sinopulmonary infections GI infections Low IgG Low IgA and/or IgM Insufficient responses to vaccinatons ```
67
Describe BCR signaling with complement
B cells express complement receptor for activation when exposed to a microbial antigen microbial bound C3d binds to CR2 on the B cells surface to activate B cells C3d-CR2 binding enhances B cell activation as part of innate response
68
TLRs can also do what regarding B cells
activates them and promotes B cell proliferation, differentiation and antibody secretion
69
After Ab is bound to antigen in BCR signaling what happens
Tyrosine phosphorylation occurs Activation of downstream enzymes via biochemical intermidates produces TFs leading to immune response
70
B and T cell interactions are initiated when
an antigen is recognized by both T and B cell
71
T cells activated by Ag presented by DCs differentiate into what
Th cells
72
CD40L does what
Binds to CD40 on B cells, essential for isotype switching
73
How does Isotype switching occur
1. ) VDJ exon encoding V domain of an IgM heavy chain moves it adjacent to a downstream C region 2. ) AID removes uracil to create DNA nicks induced by CD40 3. ) dsDNA breaks into 2 switch reagions and brought back together and repaired 4. ) portion of DNA removed 5. ) New heavy chain isotype
74
when you change isotype do you still recognize the same antigens
yes
75
what does IL-10 from Tfh cells do with regards to isotype switching
stimulates isotype switching to IgG via IFN gamma
76
What does IL-10 do
Opsonize microbes | promotes microbial phagocytosis and intracellular killing
77
What does IL-4 from Tfh cells do with regards to isotype switching
stimulates switch to IgE helps generate allergic response
78
Where is IgG located
in the serum
79
what can B cells produce on their own without class switching
IgD and IgM
80
what coexistent issues can you have with B cell diseases
autoimmunie issues, immunodeficiency, b cell lymphomas
81
what is positive selection
seeing if a newly formed BCR can be expressed
82
what is negative selection
seeing if a newly formed BCR binds with self antigen with high affinity
83
what is a monoclonal antibody
antibody made by one B cell clone that has only one specificity
84
what labs would you see with XLA
low IgA, IgG, IgM | absence of B cells
85
What labs would you see with hyper IgM
Normal or high IgM, low IgG/IgA, normal B cell numbers
86
What labs would you see with Ig deficiency
decreased selective Ig
87
What labs would you see with CVID
low IgG and IgM, and /or IgA, poor response to vaccines
88
treatment for Ig deseases
Immunoglobulin G supplementation therapy
89
how are monoclonal antibodies formed
animal immunized with Ag B cells are obtained from spleen and fused with myeloma cells giving them immortality Hybridomas are grown and secrete Ab Select Ab if desired specificity for targeted therapy

Test 1 IBI (8 decks)

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