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DAS CCEA GCSE Biology 2 > B2.6 Health & Disease > Flashcards

B2.6 Health & Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

Health is defined as being free from two types of diseases, what are these?

A

Being free from communicable and non communicable diseases

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2
Q

Define communicable disease

A

A disease passed from one organism to another to another

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3
Q

Define non communicable diseases

A

A disease that can’t be spread from one organism to another

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4
Q

List the 3 types of infection

A

Viral, Bacterial and Fungi

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5
Q

How is salmonella spread ?

A

Contaminated food

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6
Q

How can salmonella be prevented?

A

Cook food thoroughly

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7
Q

How to do you treat salmonella, TB and chlamydia?

A

Antibiotics

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8
Q

What spreads TB?

A

Airborne

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9
Q

How do you prevent TB?

A

BCG Vaccine

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10
Q

How is chlamydia spread?

A

Sexual contact

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11
Q

How do you prevent chlamydia?

A

Condoms

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12
Q

How is HV/AIDS spread?

A

Exchange of body fluids
Infected blood

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13
Q

How do you prevent AIDS/HIV?

A

Condom
Addicts not sharing a needle

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14
Q

How do you treat HIV/AIDS?

A

Antiviral drugs to slow progression

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15
Q

How is the cold and flu spread?

A

Airborne droplets

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16
Q

How do you prevent the cold and flu?

A

Good hygiene
Vaccine

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17
Q

How is HPV spread?

A

Sexual contact

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18
Q

How do you prevent HPV?

A

Vaccine

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19
Q

How is athletes foot spread?

A

Contact with surfaces

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20
Q

How do you prevent athletes foot?

A

Avoid direct contact

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21
Q

How do you treat athletes foot?

A

Antifungal cream and powder

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22
Q

How is potato blight spread?

A

Airborne spores which spread in humid warm conditions

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23
Q

How do you prevent potato blight?

A

Crop rotation
Spray with fungicide

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24
Q

What are pathogens?

A

Disease causing microbes

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25
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Produce antibodies

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26
Q

What are antibodies to the pathogen?

A

Specific and complimentary

27
Q

What happens when an antibody comes into contact with a pathogen?

A

It binds to them and the pathogens are imobilised

28
Q

List the 3 things phagocytes do

A

Surround, engulf and digest pathogens in a process called phagocytosis

29
Q

What is primary response?

A

The first time your body encounters a pathogen

30
Q

What happens during primary response?

A

Your body takes time to produce correct antibodies

31
Q

What is secondary response?

A

The second time your body encounters a pathogen

32
Q

What happens during secondary response?

A

Lymphocytes quickly produce antibodies needed

33
Q

What is active immunity?

A

When the body can produce antibodies in the long term

34
Q

What is passive immunity?

A

Injection of antibodies

35
Q

How does vaccination work?

A

Modified pathogen injected
Lymphocytes produce antibody and memory lymphocytes are made

36
Q

What are antibiotics?

A

Chemicals produced by fungi which are used to kill or reduce the growth of bacteria

37
Q

What is a super bug?

A

A bacteria resistant to antibiotics

38
Q

List some procedures used to control super bugs

A

Finish antibiotic course
Medical staff should wear disposable clothing and wash hands regularly
Hospital visitors should wash hands
All spillages of body fluids should be cleaned immediately

39
Q

List 3 safety precautions while working in a lab whilst working with microorganisms

A

No eating and drinking
Wear safety glasses
Wash hands before and after

40
Q

Explain the aseptic technique

A

Sterilise all equipment

Heat metal loop in bunsen flame to sterlise

Remove lid of culture bottle - hold at angle to minimise microbes in the air

Replace lid to prevent contamination

Spread microbes over the afar in the Petri dish by scraping the loop over the surface

Reheat the metal loop to destroy any microbes on it

Seal pratri dish with tape and incubate at 25°C

Clean work surfaces and hands

Dispose of bacterial culture by autoclaving

41
Q

Why should you incubate a petri dish at 25°C?

A

It allows the microbes to grow but not ones that can harm the human body

42
Q

List 4 poor lifestyle factors that can contribute to certain conditions

A

Poor diet (Excess sugar and fat)
Lack of exercise
Overexposure to UV light
Missuse of drugs and alcohol

43
Q

List 4 reasons why people drink

A

Socialise
Enjoy
Curiosity
Peer pressure

44
Q

List 3 reasons for reducing alcohol intake

A

Education
Minimum alcohol unit pricing
Improved labelling

45
Q

What disease can alcoholism and binge drinking cause?

A

Liver disease

46
Q

What can drinking during pregnancy cause?

A

Foetal alcohol syndrome

47
Q

Smoking cigarettes allows tar into your body, list 3 things that can cause

A

Cancer
Bronchitis
Emphysema

48
Q

List 2 reasons why nicotine is bad

A

Addictive
Effects heart rate

49
Q

What does carbon monoxide reduce?

A

Reduces Oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

50
Q

Is the cell division in cancer controlled or uncontrolled?

A

Uncontrolled cell division

51
Q

List the 2 types of cancerous tumours

A

Benign and Maligant

52
Q

What is a benign cancer tumour ?

A

A tumour that is encapsulated and can’t spread

53
Q

What is a maligant tumour?

A

A tumour that can spread

54
Q

List 3 life style factors that affect the risk of developing cancer. (1 reduce, 2 increase. )

A

HPV Vaccine - reduces risk of developing cancer

Smoking - Increases risk of lung cancer

UV Radiation - increases risk of skin cancer

55
Q

What is the name given to the process in which a phagocyte surrounds, engulfs and digests something?

A

Phagocytosis

56
Q

What type of chemical treats bacterial diseases?

A

Anti-biotic

57
Q

What type of organism produces anti-biotics?

A

Fungus/Fungi

58
Q

What type of cancer can HPV lead to?

A

Cervical Cancer

59
Q

Name the 3 types of microorganisms

A

Bacteria, Virus and Fungi

60
Q

What are the 3 types of micro organisms?

A

Virus, Bacteria and Fungi

61
Q

What type of microorganism is chlamydia, salmonella and tuberculosis?

A

Bacteria

62
Q

What type of microorganism is HIV, the cold and flu and HPV?

A

Virus

63
Q

What type of microorganism is athletes foot and potato blight?

A

Fungi

DAS CCEA GCSE Biology 2 (6 decks)

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