B2.3 Reproduction Flashcards
What is the male gamete?
Sperm
Where is sperm produced?
Testes
What is the production of sperm controlled by?
Testosterone
What is the female gamete?
Egg
Where is the female gamete stored and produced ?
Ovaries
Where does fertilization occur?
Oviduct
What happens when a happloid sperm and egg fuse?
It forms a diploid zygote
What forms when the diploid zygote divides by mitosis?
A ball of cells
What happens when the diploid zygote moves down the oviduct to the uterus?
It implants in the uterus lining
A variety of what gets produced when a ball of cells differentiate?
Produces a variety of tissues and organs
What does the placenta allow diffusion of between the mother and the baby?
Diffusion of substances between the mother and baby
What does the umbilical cord carry from the placenta?
Substances from the placenta to the baby
What is the name of the membrane that stores amniotic fluid?
Amnion
Why does the placenta have a large surface area?
Diffusion
What wall does the villi extend into?
Extend into the uterus wall
What does the bladder do?
Store urine
What does the sperm duct do?
Carries sperm to the pens from the testes
What is semen?
The liquid sperm is carried in
What does the prostate gland do?
Make semen
What is the scrotum?
A sack of skin that contains testes
What do the testes do?
Produce sperm
What travels through the oviduct and then what occurs?
Eggs travel through them and fertilisation occurs here
What develops in the uterus?
Babies develop
What is deposited in the vagina?
Sperm is deposited
What is the vulva?
The opening of the vagina
What does the cervix do?
Closes the opening of the uterus
What develops in the ovaries?
Eggs
List 2 types of chemical contraceptive and explain what they do.
Contraceptive pill and implants
Changes hormone levels and stops development of an ovum.
Give one example of a mechanical barrier and explain what it does.
Condom - acts as a barrier preventing passage of sperm, also protects against STIs
Surgical contraception is very difficult to reverse but highly effective. List 2 types of surgical contraception and explain them.
Male sterilization - cutting of sperm duct preventing sperm moving into the penis
Female sterilization - cutting of oviducts which prevents ova being fertilized or reaching uterus
List 3 causes of infertility.
No egg production
Low sperm count
Blockages in oviduct
List how treatment for infertility works
Hormones used to produce ova
IVF - eggs fertilized with sperm and collected in lab in a petri dish
Fertilized eggs placed back into uterus
What is the male sex hormone?
Testosterone
What is the female sex hormone?
Oestrogen
List 4 changes to females during puberty
Breast enlargement
Ovaries begin to release eggs
Mensturation begins
Pelvis & hips get wider
List 3 changes both genders experience during puberty
Sex organs enlarge
Underarm hair and pubic hair grow
Sexual awareness and drive increase
List 3 changes that only occur in males during puberty
Voice deepens
Body gets more muscular
Testes start to produce sperm cells
What does oestrogen build and release?
Builds up the lining and triggers the release of an egg cell
What does progesterone do?
Maintains Lining
What is the female sex hormone produced by the ovaries?
Oestrogen
What does progesterone continue the build up of after what?
Continues the build up of the uterine lining after ovulation
What does oestrogen do? (Stimulate, Start and Repair)
Stimulates ovulation and starts the build up and repair of the uterine wall after menstruation
In the menstrual cycle, what occurs from days 1 through 5?
Menstruation
From days 6 to 11 what happens in the menstrual cycle to the uterine lining and why?
Uterine lining builds up in preparation for pregnancy
What occurs from day 13 to 15 of the menstrual cycle?
Ovulation
