B2.2 The Circulatory System Flashcards
What do red blood cells do?
Carry oxygen
What do lymphocytes do?
Make antibodies
What do phagocytes do?
Digest microbes
What convert fibrogen to fibrin to form a mesh to trap blood which causes scab formation?
Platelets
Define double circulation.
When blood is pumped through the heart twice in one complete cycle.
How does blood move through the body?
It’s pumped through the right side of the heart to the lungs and then returned to the left side of the heart before being pumped around the body.
What type of blood does the right ventricle and atrium contain?
Deoxygenated
What type of blood does the left atrium and ventricle contain?
oxygenated blood
What will happen to the heart rate in an unfit person during exercise?
It increases faster
What happens to the peak of the heart rate during exercise in an unfit person?
It reachers a higher peak
In an unfit person, will it take longer or shorter for their heart rate to return to rest after exercise?
Longer
Describe the thickness of the vessel wall in the artery
Thick
Describe the thickness of the vessel wall in the viens
Relatively thin
Describe the thickness of the vessel wall in the capillary
One cell thick
Describe the diameter of the lumen in the artery
Relatively small
Describe the diameter of the lumen in the veins
Relatively large
Describe the diameter of the lumen in the capilary
Very small
Are there valves in the artery?
No
Are there valves in the veins?
Yes
Are there valves in the capillary?
No
Is pressure high or low in the artery?
High
Is pressure high or low in the vein?
Low
Is pressure high or low in the capillary?
Low
Does the artery carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?
Oxygenated - except Pul Art.
Does the vein carry deoxygenated or oxygenated blood?
Deoxygenated - except Pul Vein
What does the cappillary allow the exchange of?
An exchange of gasses
Why do coronary blood vessels become narrow?
Due to the build up of cholesterol, meaning less blood can flow through them.
What is the first stage in a heart attack?
Build up of cholesterol - narrows the arteries
What is the second stage in a heart attack?
The cholesterol or a blood clot cause a blockage
What is the third step of a heart attack?
Blood unable to deliver oxygen or sugar to some heart cells
What is the final stage of a heart attack?
Affected heart cells cant respire, muscle cells die and the heart contracts.
How does a stroke happen?
The blood vessels in the brain become blocked in the same way as in a heart atack
List 6 risk factors for a heart attack
Diet high in saturated fat
Smoking
Lack of excercise
Stress
Weight
Excess alcohol
What is an angioplasty?
When stents are used to hold open a narrow artery
What are statins?
Drug that reduces cholesterol
What is asprin?
A drug that thins blood
What is the purpose of valves in the heart?
Prevents backflow of blood
Is Fibrin insoluble or soluble?
Insoluble
All body cells require a blood supply, if there is no blood supply these cells will die. Why is this?
There is no oxygen which leads to less energy