B2.6 Aerobic + Anaerobic Respiration Flashcards
Define respiration
The process of releasing energy from the breakdown of glucose
What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen =====> carbon dioxide + water
Where does aerobic respiration happen in cells?
Mitochondria
What are chemical reactions in cells controlled by?
Enzymes
How often does aerobic respiration take place in animals and plants?
Continuously
Name 3 ways energy from respiration is used in animals.
- To build up larger molecules from smaller ones (e.g proteins from amino acids)
- To allow muscles to contract so they can move around
- To keep body temperature steady in mammals + birds
Name one way energy from respiration is used in plants.
To build sugars and nitrates into amino acids which are then built up into proteins.
Name 5 effects of exercise.
- Increase in heart rate
- Increase in breathing rate
- Glycerol conversion
- Increase in sweating
- Vasodilation
Why does the heart rate increase when exercising?
- Blood is needed to go around faster to supply more oxygen and glucose
- More ATP is needed as there is increased muscle contraction
- Blood keeps you warm so quicker movement decreases this
Why does the breathing rate increase when exercising?
- More oxygen is needed for respiration as more ATP is needed as there is increased muscle contraction.
- Carbon dioxide needs to be removed faster as it is being produced quicker
Why does carbon dioxide need to be removed quickly from the blood?
Otherwise it will lower the pH of the blood and cause blood poisoning
How does vasodilation work?
- Skin becomes red/pink
- Veins become wider and closer to skin surface
- More heat is lost via radiation
Why does sweating increase when exercising?
- To cool the skin by evaporation
- To remove waste products more quickly
How is glycerol used during exercise?
Some glucose stored as glycerol in muscles is converted back to use for respiration
When is anaerobic respiration used in muscles?
When the body can’t supply enough oxygen to the muscles
