B2.1 Cells and simple cell transport Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What are all living things made up of?

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an animal cell made up of?

A
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Cell membrane
  • Ribosomes
  • Mitochondria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

The genetic material which controls the activities of all cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

Jelly-like substance containing all of the cell’s organelles, most cellular processes occur there.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the cell membrane?

A

A partially permeable barrier regulating the substances which enter and leave the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the mitochondria?

A

The site of respiration where energy is released.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the ribosomes?

A

The site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What parts does a plant cell have in addition to an animal cell?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Chloroplasts
  • Permanent vacuole
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the cell wall?

A

A rigid external coat made up of cellulose supporting the plant cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why don’t animal cells need a cell wall?

A

They have a skeleton which does the job

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the permanent vacuole?

A

A cell sap filled cavity containing water and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the chloroplasts?

A

Sites of photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What pigment do chloroplasts contain?

A

Chlorophyll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a yeast cell?

A

A single celled fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a yeast cell made up of?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are two uses of yeast?

A
  • Making bread (using aerobic respiration)

- Fermentation (using anaerobic respiration - glucose —> carbon dioxide + ethanol)

17
Q

What is a bacterium cell made up of?

A
  • Cell wall
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm
  • Strands of genetic material (no nucleus)
18
Q

What are two uses of bacteria?

A
  • Making cheese

- Making yoghurt

19
Q

What are the adaptations of a fat cell for its function? (3)

A
  • Little cytoplasm (more room for fat)
  • Little mitochondria (they use little energy)
  • They can expand x1000 (more room for fat)
20
Q

What are the adaptations of a sperm cell? (3)

A
  • Long tails (to swim to the egg cell)
  • Middle full of mitochondria (more energy to swim)
  • Head full of acrosome (stores digestive enzymes to break down egg cell)
21
Q

What are the adaptations of a palisade cell? (4)

A
  • Packed with chloroplasts
  • Chloroplasts closer to the top of the cell
  • Thin shape (more of them can fit at the top of the leaf)
  • Tall shape (more surface area on the side - more CO2 absorbed)
22
Q

What are the adaptations of a guard cell? (5)

A
  • Special kidney shape which opens and closes stomata
  • Lots of water = guard cells go plump and turgid, opening stomata
  • Small amount of water = guard cells go flaccid, closing stomata
  • Thin outer walls and thickened inner walls make this work
  • Sensitive to light, they close at night (no photosynthesis happening)
23
Q

What are the adaptations of a red blood cell?

A
  • Biconcave shape - large surface area for oxygen, easy to pass through capillaries
  • Full of haemoglobin
  • No nucleus - more space for haemoglobin
24
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

A pigment which absorbs oxygen

25
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

26
Q

The bigger the difference in concentration between two areas, the —— the diffusion rate.

A

Faster

27
Q

What must particles diffuse across in body cells?

A

The cell membrane

28
Q

What can diffuse across the cell membrane and why?

A
Only small molecules (e.g oxygen and glucose needed for respiration, amino acids and water)
Bigger molecules (e.g starch and proteins) can't fit through the membrane.
29
Q

Describe how diffusion occurs in body cells.

A

Useful particles move from the blood (where there is a lot of them) to the cell (where there isn’t a lot of them)

30
Q

What physical state can diffusion occur in?

A

Liquids and gases