Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > B2.2 > Flashcards

B2.2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why is surface area to volume ratio important ?

A

To see how nutrients can diffuse directly into the organism to sustain life as diffusion distances are small. The larger the animal, the lower the SA to volume ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can you maximise the rate of diffusion of oxygen into the bloodstream

A

Have many alveoli in the lungs to increase the S.A. of it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is digested food molecules absorbed into

A

Into the blood from the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do you maximise the rate of diffusion for the small intestine

A

The walls of the small intestine contain fingerlike villi to increase S.A. of the intestine wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why are transport systems needed in animals?

A

The circulatory system is the main transport system. The blood carried materials to where they’re required. The liver produces urea when it breaks down the excess amino acids. Urea is toxic so it is transported to the kidney where it’s removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why are transport systems needed in plants?

A

Xylem tubes carry water and mineral ions around a plant and phloem tubes transport sugars and amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the circulatory system made up of?

A

Your heart and your blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is the circulatory system known as a closed system

A

Because the blood remains within the structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the blood transport to

A

It transports around the body to the cells that need them
Oxygen and glucose for respiration
Co2as a waste product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many times does the blood circulate the heart in one circuit?

A

Twice

Called the double circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does oxygenated blood mean

A

High levels of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does deoxygenated blood mean

A

Low levels of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does your heart pump blood to.

A

Body organs and tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does co2, glucose and oxygen diffuse to.

A

Co2 -out of the cells into the blood

Glucose and oxygen- out of the blood and into the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the lungs do to co2, glucose and oxygen ?

A

It diffuses co2out of the blood and into the body

It diffuses in the other two into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three main blood vessels

A

Arteries, capillaries and veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do arteries do?

A

They carry blood vessels away from the heart under high pressure

18
Q

What do veins do

A

They return blood back to the heart and they have valves to stop blood flowing the wrong way

19
Q

What do capillaries do

A

They link the arteries and veins in tissues and organs. They then form a network so every cell is close to a capillary. Their semi permeable walls are one cell thick so substances can move easily through them

20
Q

What do strong contractions of the heart cause

A

High blood pressure

21
Q

What Is your heart made up of

A

Cardiac muscle. They contract without receiving a nerve impulse from your brain.

22
Q

What are the four chambers called

A

The two top ones are the atria

The two bottom ones are the ventricles

23
Q

What separates the Chambers

A

Valves

24
Q

What are the four things found in the blood

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets

25
Q

What does the xylem tissue transport

A

Water and mineral ions from the roots to the stem, leaves and flowers. Water diffuses into roots via osmosis. Mineral ions are taken by active transport

26
Q

What does the phloem tissue transport

A

Dissolved sugars produced during photosynthesis and other soluble food molecules from the leaves to all other areas of the plant. This is called translocation.

27
Q

What do the phloem and the xylem tissue form a structure called

A

A vascular bundle

28
Q

What are xylem vessels made up from

A

Dead xylem cells. No cell walls at the endz of these cells.

29
Q

Structure of the phloem

A

Phloem vessels are made form living cells. The cell walls of these cells don’t completely break down. Instead plates are formed- small holes in the end wall which allows the dissolved sugars to pass through. The connection of the phloem cells effectively forms a tube which allows dissolved sugars to be transported

30
Q

How do vascular bundles provide support in the leaf

A

They form a network that supports the softer leafy tissue

31
Q

How do vascular bundles provide support in the stem

A

They’re located around the outer edge providing the stem with strength to resist the bending in the breeze

32
Q

How do vascular bundles provide support in the root

A

Found in the centre to enable the root to act as an anchor so the plant can bend as the plant moved int he wind

33
Q

What is transpiration

A

The loss of water in a plant’s leaves

34
Q

Transpiration Stream

A

The constant flow of water from the roots to the xylem and out if the Leaves

35
Q

How does the water enter the xylem

A

Water diffuses from the soil into the root hairs by osmosis. Before the water can enter a xylem vessel it must travel from cell to cell till it reaches the centre of the root. Once inside the xylem, the water can be transported through the plant

36
Q

How is water lostfrom leaves

A

The stomata on the surface of the leaves allows co2 to diffuse in for photosynthesis. Guard cells allow the stomata to open and close
When the stomata is open the water evaporates from cells inside the leaf’s air spaces . This creates a concentration gradient between the air inside the leaf and the surrounding air. Water vapour then diffuses out of the leaf into the air.

37
Q

How does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration ?

A

Stomata open in the light and close in the dark and if u increase the light intensity more water evaporates. The rate of transpiration increases u TIL all the stomata are open. Transpiration is now at its maximum rate

38
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration ?

A

If you increase temperature the water evaporates more quickly from the leaf. Diffusion of water vapour our of the leaf becomes more rapid. This increase the rate of transpiration

39
Q

How does wind affect the rate of transpiration ?

A

When Air moves over the surface of the leaf, it moves evaporated water molecules away from the leaf. The faster the wind the fast the rate of transpiration

40
Q

How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration ?

A

The higher the humidity the more water it contains

Biology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions