B1.2 Flashcards
What are long strands of DNA called?
Chromosomes
How many chromosomes do most people have?
46
What organisms share identical DNA?
Identical twins and clones
What is a gene?
Short sections of DNA that code for a characteristic such as their eye colour
What does the code of the gene allow?
It allows specific proteins to be made
How many strands are there in a DNA and what are they joined together by?
2 strands which are joined together by bases which are then twisted together to form a double helix shape
What is a nucleotide?
It’s a monomer found in the DNA that consists of a base, sugar and a ribose group
What are the four bases called?
A= adenine T= thymine C= cytosine G= guanine
What is a complementary base pairing?
The pairing of bases between two strands of DNA
What is the mRNA?
Copy of a DNA strand used to carry the genetic code out of the nucleus so that proteins are synthesised
What is the process in which mRNA is produced?
Transcription
What are enzymes?
Made from protein
Biological catalysts- speed up a reaction without taking part in it themselves
What reactions do enzymes take part in your body?
Building larger molecules from smaller ones like in protein synthesis
Break down larger molecules into smaller ones like digestion
What factors affect enzyme?
Temperature- if temp is too low, the enzymes don’t collide with each other as often and if the temperature passes the optimum, enzymes start to denature.
pH- has to have an optimum pH
Concentration- Higher the concentration higher the rate of reaction.
