B2.2 Flashcards
What is oxygen used for in aerobic respiration?
It is used to release energy form molecules such as glucose
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Oxygen+glucose=carbon dioxide+water+energy released for use in the cell
What is respiration?
The release of energy from food molecules that acts as a fuel for the cell
How is oxygen and glucose needed for respiration carried around the human body?
In blood (red blood cells)
What is diffusion?
The random movement or spreading of particles. For an area of high concentration to and area of low concentration. The particles diffuse down a concentration gradient
What is an alveoli ?
A tiny air sac in the spongy tissue of your lung
Describe the process of gas exchange
Oxygen enters the body through the lungs into the alveoli (air sacs) which are surrounded by capillaries. The oxygen diffuses out of the alveoli onto the red blood cells in the blood where it is taken around the body. At the same time carbon dioxide diffuses from the red blood cells in the capillary to the alveoli where it is breathed out through the lungs
What is stroke volume of the heart?
The amount of blood the heart pumps out in each beat
What is cardiac output?
Stroke volume X heart rate
What is anaerobic respiration?
This form of respiration takes place when we cannot supply enough oxygen to our muscles. It is an alternate method to break down glucose and release energy without oxygen
What is EPOC?
Excess post exercise oxygen consumption
What is starch made of?
Thousands of glucose molecules
What is photosynthesis?
The process plants use to make their own glucose out of the raw materials of carbon dioxide and water
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Inside cell organelles called chloroplasts
How is light energy absorbed by plants?
By chlorophyll
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + water > glucose + oxygen
What are stomata and what do they do?
They are small holes on the underside of a leaf that let different gasses into the leaf
What do roots do?
- anchor the plant into the ground
- take up water and mineral salts from the soil
What are root hair cells?
Extensions on roots that reach into the surrounding soil
What do root hair cells do?
The root hair cells provide a larger surface area for substances to enter the roots
Describe osmosis
When water enters the root hair cell, across a partially permeable membrane
What is active transport?
When particles are absorbed against a concentration gradient
How does water get from the roots of a plant to the plants tissues?
Through the xylem tube
What is xylem tissue and what does it do?
They are long cells that die and form hollow tubes to transport water, these tubes also provide support
