B2.1 Cells and Simple Cell Transport

Question 1

What do animal cells contain? (5)

Answer 1

Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria and ribosomes

Question 2

What purpose does the nucleus have in an animal cell?

Answer 2

It contains the genetic material that controls the activity of the cell

Question 3

What purpose does the cytoplasm have in an animal cell?

Answer 3

Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place - it contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions

Question 4

What purpose does the cell membrane have in an animal cell?

Answer 4

It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 5

What do plants cells contain? (8)

Answer 5

Mitochondria, cell wall, nucleus, a permanent vacuole, cell membrane, ribosomes. chloroplasts and cytoplasm

Question 6

What purpose does the cell wall have in a plant cells?

Answer 6

The cell wall is a rigid structure made of cellulose, it supports and strengthens the cell

Question 7

What purpose does the permanent vacuole have in a plant cells?

Answer 7

It contains cell sap - a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 8

What purpose do chloroplasts have in a plant cells?

Answer 8

This is where photosynthesis occurs, which makes the food for the plant - they contain a green substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light energy for photosynthesis

Question 9

What are yeast cells and bacterial cells an examples of?

Answer 9

A single-celled organisms

Question 10

What does a yeast cell contain? (4)

Answer 10

Cytoplasm, a cell membrane, a cell wall and a nucleus containing genetic material

Question 11

What do bacterial cells contain?

Answer 11

A cell membrane, a cell wall, cytoplasm and genetic material

Question 12

Why do bacterial cells contain genetic material floating in it’s cytoplasm?

Answer 12

Because they don’t have a nucleus

Question 13

What is a specialised cell?

Answer 13

A cell which performs a specific function

Question 14

What helps a specialised cell with its job?

Answer 14

The cell’s structure e.g. its shape and parts it contains

Question 15

What are examples of specialised cells? (4)

Answer 15

Sperm cells, egg cells, and red blood cells (animals) and palisade leaf cells (plants)

Question 16

What are sperm and egg cells specialised for?

Answer 16

Reproduction

Question 17

What is the main function of an egg cell?

Answer 17

To carry the female DNA and to nourish the developing embryo in the early stages

Question 18

What does an egg cell contain so it can carry out its function?

Answer 18

Huge food reserves to feed the embryo

Question 19

What is the main function of sperm cells?

Answer 19

To get the male DNA to the female DNA

Question 20

How is a sperm adapted to carry out its function?

Answer 20

It has a long tail and a streamlined head to help it swim to the egg, and it also contains lots of mitochondria to provide the cell with the energy it needs to swim to the egg

Question 21

What is the main function(s) of a red blood cell?

Answer 21

To remove waste products from cells and to give oxygen to cells

Question 22

How does a red blood cell’s shape help it to carry out its function?

Answer 22

They have a biconcave shape (both sides of the cell curve inwards) which gives them a large surface area for absorbing oxygen, this shape also helps to pass through blood capillaries to reach blood cells

Question 23

What does a red blood cell contain (or not contain) to help it with its function?

Answer 23

Red blood cells are packed with haemoglobin - the pigment that absorbs oxygen and they don’t have a nucleus so there is even more room for haemoglobin

Question 24

What is the main function of a palisade leaf cell?

Answer 24

Photosynthesis

Question 25

Where are palisade cells found? How does this help them with there function?

Answer 25

They are group at the top of a leaf as this is where the sun hits the leaf

Question 26

How does a palisade cell’s shape help it with its function?

Answer 26

They are tall with long sides which means they have more surface area exposed for absorbing carbon dioxide from the air in the leaf - they are also thin so you can pack loads at the top of a leaf

Question 27

What do palisade leaves contain a lot of? And why?

Answer 27

They are packed with chloroplasts which absorbs the light energy for photosynthesis

Question 28

Where are the majority of chloroplasts found In a palisade leaf cell?

Answer 28

They are crammed near the top of the cell so they’re nearer to the light

Question 29

What is diffusion?

Answer 29

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 30

Where does diffusion occur?

Answer 30

In solutions and gases - because the particles are free to move around about randomly

Question 31

What can move in and out of cells?

Answer 31

Dissolved substances

Question 32

What can pass through cell membranes?

Answer 32

Small molecules like oxygen, glucose and amino acids - big molecules like protein and starch cannot

Question 33

What is it called when there are a lot more particles on one side of a membrane than the other?

Answer 33

There’s a net movement from that side

Question 34

What increases the rate of diffusion?

Answer 34

The larger the difference in concentration, the faster the diffusion rate