B2.1 Flashcards
What organelles do plant and animal cells have in common
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
What do plants have but animal cells don’t
Cell wall
Large vacuole
Chloroplasts
What does the cell membrane do
Separates the contents of the cell From the outside and controls the movement of substances such as oxygen and glucose coming into and out of the cell
What does the cytplasm di
The reactions needed for life are carried out in the cytoplasm. Also contains all the organelles
What does nucleus do
Organelle that contains all the DNA, genetic material. Also controls the activities of the cell, like the brain
What does mitochondria do
Where respiration occurs, reacts oxygen and glucose together to release energy
What does the cell wall do and made of
Made of cellulose and supports the cell so it can keep its shape
Large vacuole
Filled with cell sap that supports the cell and keeps it
Chloroplasts
Organelles containing chlorophyll that absorbs light energy that is used for photosynthesis
What are the parts of a bacteria cell
Chromosomal DNA Cell membrane Plasmid DNA Cell wall Flagellum, not always though
What is the chromosomal DNA
Large loop of DNA containing most of the genetic information. Not neatly packaged like it is in human or plant chromosomes
What is plasmid DNA
Small loops containing extra genetic material
What does the flagella do
On the outside of the cell and allows the bacteria to move
What are chromosomes
A string of genes that contains instructions for young ur body
What are genes
A single instruction in a chromosome consisting of DNA
What is DNA
A long coiled molecule that can unzip and copy itself when a cell divides
What are the two strands of DNA held by
Held together at regular intervals by chemicals called bases
What are the complimentary bases and how are they he,d
Adénine thymine
Cytosine guanine
Held together by seal hydrogen bonds
What did Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind franklin do
They were studying the structure of DNA using x rays, franklin directed beams of x rays at purified DNA and used the photos to see how the molecule scattered the x rays, from the patterns, she could see atoms in DNA molecule were arranged
What did James Watson and Francis crick do
They were trying to build a model of the structure of DNA using data from other scientists. They used the x ray results from franklins photos which Wilkins had given them without franklins permission. With this detail, Watson and crick were able to build the double helix model
What was the hgp
The human genome project was an international effort involving scientists from 18 countries sharing there latest developments with each other to help each other, after 13 years, the HGP was complete and scientists had worked out the order of 3 billion base pairs that make up the human genome, it showed everyone had 99.9% of DNA in common
What is a genome
All the genetic infomation of an organism with the order of all its bases
What are the benefits of the HGP
Improved testing for genetic disorders. Easier to see if people are carrying a faulty allele
New ways of finding genes that may increase the risk of illnesses such as Alzheimer’s and heart disease
New treatments and cures for disorders, gene therapy, where scientists mend or replace faulty genes
New ways to see how we have evolved from other organisms and our evolutionary relationships
Personalised medicine that work with a particular genotype and targets diseases more effectively with less side effects