B2.064 Prework 2 Toxins in Tobacco Smoke

Question 1

what are two examples of mutagens in tobacco smoke?

Answer 1

PAH: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

*NNK

Question 2

what type of repair combats DNA adduct formations?

Answer 2

nucleotide excision repair

Question 3

what type of repair combats ROS DNA damage?

Answer 3

base excision repair

Question 4

what is the rate of gene mutations in smokers?

Answer 4

1 mutation/lung cell/50 cigs

150 mutations/lung cell/ pack year

Question 5

what genetic locations contain mutations in lung cancers?

Answer 5

RAS and TP53 genes most common
many other tumor suppressor/proto-oncogenes
can also be noncoding DNA mutations in regulatory elements

Question 6

what are some outcomes of mutations caused by smoking?

Answer 6

cancer
oxidative and chemical damage to DNA and other macromolecules (cell dysfunction/death)
induction of chronic inflammation
tissue remodeling