B2.063 Lung Cancer Prevention Flashcards
define association
identifiable relationship between exposure and disease (no directionality)
define causation
implies that there is true mechanism leading from exposure to disease
list the causal criteria viewpoints
strength of association consistency specificity temporality biological gradient biologic plausibility coherence experiment analogy
what does the causal criteria “specificity” mean?
required that cause lead to single effect
which causal criteria viewpoint is necessary
temporality
cause precedes effect
what is a biologic gradient
presence of dose-response curve
what is biologic plausibility
hypothesized relationship between exposure and health outcome makes sense in context of current biological knowledge (not a necessary criterion)
what is the average age of lung cancer diagnosis?
70
what are common criteria for screening tests?
address important diseases (significant risk to public health)disease can be detected at an early stage
efficacious and cost-effective examination
curative treatment
acceptable to patient and society
what are the 2 tests used to screen for lung cancer?
chest X-ray chest CT (standard or low dose)
what is the radiation exposure of a low dose chest CT in comparison to a standard CT?
standard = 8 mSv
low dose = less than 2 mSv
summarize the national lung screening trial and its results
53,000 high risk participants
>30 pack year history
assigned 3 annual screening w either low does CT or chest X-ray
20% reduction in long term mortality from lung cancer in screening CT group
what patient population is recommended for lung cancer screening?
adults 55-80 with a 30 pack year history of smoking who currently smoke or have quit within the last 15 years
what grade did the USPSTF give to a low dose chest CT?
grade B
A or B covered by insurance
how many smokers started before age 18?
90%
