B2 - ventilation and gas exchange in lungs

Question 1

state the function of cartilage in the wall of the trachea

Answer 1

holds airways open and prevents collapsing

Question 2

breathing difficulties are caused when airways contract causing the diameter to -?

Answer 2

constrict

Question 3

after using an inhaler the walls of the airway relax and the airways -?

Answer 3

dilate

Question 4

state the function of surfactant

Answer 4

decreases surface tension

Question 5

explain why a person with emphysema produces less ATP than a healthy person

Answer 5

there is less surface area of diffusion and an increased diffusion distance so less oxygen can enter the alveoli meaning there is less ATP produced so less aerobic respiration

Question 6

why is it important for the walls of the alveoli to be moist

Answer 6

enables better gaseous exchange and stops the alveoli sticking together which decreases surface tension

Question 7

explain why soda lime is used in the spirometer

Answer 7

it’s attached to adsorb the carbon dioxide, can alter breathing fate so oxygen consumption can be calculated, CO2 build up is toxic

Question 8

identify the function of pleural fluid

Answer 8

to reduce friction

Question 9

name the muscles that cause the rib cage to move during breathing

Answer 9

intercostal

Question 10

explain how movement of ru cage and diaphragm allows inhalation

Answer 10

intercostal contract, rib cage moves up, lungs expand, increases volume, pressure in lungs is more than the atmosphere