B1 - cardio vascular system

Question 1

what’s the purpose of valves in the heart ?

Answer 1

they prevent backflow of blood and ensure it flows in 1 direction/ smooth flow of blood and maintains high blood pressure

Question 2

which valves need to withstand the most pressure ?

Answer 2

left atrioventricular (bicuspid), left semi lunar

Question 3

what does the LAV do ?

Answer 3

prevents backflow to left atria/ ensures blood is pumped to the aorta/ body

Question 4

what does the LSL do ?

Answer 4

prevents backflow from the aorta to the left ventricle

Question 5

what does the RAV do ?

Answer 5

prevents backflow from right ventricle to right atria/ ensures blood is pumped to lungs

Question 6

describe the route that blood flows through the heart and around the body

Answer 6

Blood passes from the right atrium via an strip-ventrucular valve (TRICUSPID VALVE) into the right ventricle and out via the semi-lunar valve into the pulmonary artery, The blood now passes through the lungs and returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary vein. Then it passed through a second atrio ventricular valve (BISCUSPID) into the left ventricle and then through the semi lunar valve into the AORTA and then onto the body tissues

Question 7

what do atrio ventricular valves do?

Answer 7

they are between the atria and ventricles, they prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria during VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE

Question 8

what does the red side of the heart represent ?

Answer 8

red = oxygenated blood

Question 9

what does the blue part of the heart represent ?

Answer 9

blue = deoxygenated blood

Question 10

where does the oxygenated blood travel after the left atrium ?

Answer 10

through the bicuspid valve (AV valve) to the left ventricle

Question 11

where does oxygenated blood exit the heart ?

Answer 11

the aorta, goes to body tissues

Question 12

where does deoxygenated blood enter ?

Answer 12

vena cava

Question 13

name the chambers of left side the heart in order

Answer 13

1) pulmonary vein
2) left atrium
3) bicuspid valve
4) left ventricle
5) semi lunar valve
6) aorta

Question 14

name the chambers of the right side of the heart in order

Answer 14

1) vena cava
2) right atrium
3) tricuspid valve
4) right ventricle
5) semi lunar valve
6) pulmonary artery

Question 15

what is the double circulatory system?

Answer 15

when blood passes through the heart twice per cycle, and there is 2 systems which pump the blood round the body

Question 15

what is the double circulatory system?

Answer 15

when blood passes through the heart twice per cycle, and there is 2 systems which pump the blood round the body

Question 16

describe systemic circulation

Answer 16

whereby blood passes from the heart to the body organs and tissues and returns to the heart

Question 17

describe the function of the bicuspid valve

Answer 17

prevents back flow of blood and allows blood to flow from left atrium to left ventricle

Question 18

explain how electrical impulses spread

Answer 18

SAN acts as a pacemaker, goes across tissue wall to AVN and there’s a 0.1 second delay on 2nd impulse

Question 19

explain how caffeine changed cardiac output

Answer 19

more caffeine = higher heart rate, SV increase, CO increase, caffeine is a stimulant, increases FOC, caffeine binds to receptors

Question 20

out i line features of aorta

Answer 20

thick wall, small lumen, high blood pressure

Question 21

explain what happens if group B blood is transfused to a pain tent with group O

Answer 21

cause blood clots as they have anti B antibodies and it’s a complimentary shape to antigens

Question 22

explain why anyone can be given type O rhesus negative

Answer 22

because they have no antigens on the blood so not clotting, no reaction with antibodies, doesn’t produce D antibodies

Question 23

what is meant by the term myogenic

Answer 23

the heart will beat without any nervous stimulation and is able to depolarise and generate its own electrical impulses

Question 24

describe the function of the coronary artery

Answer 24

carries oxygenated blood to the ventricle wall

Question 25

explain how a blocked coronary artery may lead to heart attack

Answer 25

less oxygenated blood to the heart, less respiration so less ATP, part of the heart cells die/ scar tissue, heart can’t beat

Question 26

what blood does the aorta carry

Answer 26

oxygenated

Question 27

what blood does pulmonary arteries carry

Answer 27

deoxygenated

Question 28

what blood does pulmonary veins carry

Answer 28

oxygenated

Question 29

what blood does vena cava carry

Answer 29

deoxygenated

Question 30

the volume of blood pumped out the heart in one min is the -?

Answer 30

cardiac output

Question 31

which term describes someone with a resting heart rate of 105bpm

Answer 31

tachycardia

Question 32

why does increasing a patients SV increase cellular respiration

Answer 32

there is more blood pumped out the heart per beat (increased CO), increases blood to lungs, more aerobics respiration abs increased mitochondrial density, less fatigued in muscles (no lactic acid) won’t become breathless

Question 33

describe the function of vena cava

Answer 33

carries deoxygenated blood from body to the right atrium

Question 34

give 3 functions of capillaries

Answer 34

carries oxygenated blood to cells (absorbs oxygen) gaseous exchange, absorbs nutrients and water, allows diffusion/ osmosis/ slows down blood flow