B1 - cardio vascular system Flashcards
what’s the purpose of valves in the heart ?
they prevent backflow of blood and ensure it flows in 1 direction/ smooth flow of blood and maintains high blood pressure
which valves need to withstand the most pressure ?
left atrioventricular (bicuspid), left semi lunar
what does the LAV do ?
prevents backflow to left atria/ ensures blood is pumped to the aorta/ body
what does the LSL do ?
prevents backflow from the aorta to the left ventricle
what does the RAV do ?
prevents backflow from right ventricle to right atria/ ensures blood is pumped to lungs
describe the route that blood flows through the heart and around the body
Blood passes from the right atrium via an strip-ventrucular valve (TRICUSPID VALVE) into the right ventricle and out via the semi-lunar valve into the pulmonary artery, The blood now passes through the lungs and returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary vein. Then it passed through a second atrio ventricular valve (BISCUSPID) into the left ventricle and then through the semi lunar valve into the AORTA and then onto the body tissues
what do atrio ventricular valves do?
they are between the atria and ventricles, they prevent backflow of blood from ventricles to atria during VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
what does the red side of the heart represent ?
red = oxygenated blood
what does the blue part of the heart represent ?
blue = deoxygenated blood
where does the oxygenated blood travel after the left atrium ?
through the bicuspid valve (AV valve) to the left ventricle
where does oxygenated blood exit the heart ?
the aorta, goes to body tissues
where does deoxygenated blood enter ?
vena cava
name the chambers of left side the heart in order
1) pulmonary vein
2) left atrium
3) bicuspid valve
4) left ventricle
5) semi lunar valve
6) aorta
name the chambers of the right side of the heart in order
1) vena cava
2) right atrium
3) tricuspid valve
4) right ventricle
5) semi lunar valve
6) pulmonary artery
what is the double circulatory system?
when blood passes through the heart twice per cycle, and there is 2 systems which pump the blood round the body
what is the double circulatory system?
when blood passes through the heart twice per cycle, and there is 2 systems which pump the blood round the body
describe systemic circulation
whereby blood passes from the heart to the body organs and tissues and returns to the heart
describe the function of the bicuspid valve
prevents back flow of blood and allows blood to flow from left atrium to left ventricle
explain how electrical impulses spread
SAN acts as a pacemaker, goes across tissue wall to AVN and there’s a 0.1 second delay on 2nd impulse
explain how caffeine changed cardiac output
more caffeine = higher heart rate, SV increase, CO increase, caffeine is a stimulant, increases FOC, caffeine binds to receptors
out i line features of aorta
thick wall, small lumen, high blood pressure
explain what happens if group B blood is transfused to a pain tent with group O
cause blood clots as they have anti B antibodies and it’s a complimentary shape to antigens
explain why anyone can be given type O rhesus negative
because they have no antigens on the blood so not clotting, no reaction with antibodies, doesn’t produce D antibodies
what is meant by the term myogenic
the heart will beat without any nervous stimulation and is able to depolarise and generate its own electrical impulses
describe the function of the coronary artery
carries oxygenated blood to the ventricle wall
explain how a blocked coronary artery may lead to heart attack
less oxygenated blood to the heart, less respiration so less ATP, part of the heart cells die/ scar tissue, heart can’t beat
what blood does the aorta carry
oxygenated
what blood does pulmonary arteries carry
deoxygenated
what blood does pulmonary veins carry
oxygenated
what blood does vena cava carry
deoxygenated
the volume of blood pumped out the heart in one min is the -?
cardiac output
which term describes someone with a resting heart rate of 105bpm
tachycardia
why does increasing a patients SV increase cellular respiration
there is more blood pumped out the heart per beat (increased CO), increases blood to lungs, more aerobics respiration abs increased mitochondrial density, less fatigued in muscles (no lactic acid) won’t become breathless
describe the function of vena cava
carries deoxygenated blood from body to the right atrium
give 3 functions of capillaries
carries oxygenated blood to cells (absorbs oxygen) gaseous exchange, absorbs nutrients and water, allows diffusion/ osmosis/ slows down blood flow
