B2 (Revision) Flashcards
what is management?
includes planning, organising, directing, controlling
what includes planning for management?
setting objectives on targets (where manager is responsible), conducting analysis to gather together forecasts of date (such as costs + revenues), estimating likely needs for any proposed plans
what includes organising for management?
assembling the resources that are needed to carry out actions, determine internal organisational structure and allocating necessary recources
what includes directing for management?
motivation, communication
what includes controlling for management?
financial reports, employee performance, social performance
scientific management
uses data collected to manage people and make them work in the most efficient way possible - reducing waste + increases production
tannenbaum and schmidt continuum
assesses leadership management style - presented on a continuum where a managers authority is replaced by freedom
what are the T&Sc manager styles?
(use of authority by manager) manager makes decisions, manager presents ideas (area of freedom for subordinates) manager presents problem gets suggestions + makes decision, manager permits group independently defined limits
what does the blake mouton grid consist of?
country club, produce, impoverished, missle of the road, team leader
country club
lot of focus on people not as much on the work, most concerned for the needsa of workers - results work suffering
produce
emphasis on task and not on people, v authoritarian, getting job done is key
impoverished
low concern for task and people, ineffective, work + people neglected
middle of the road
some focus on task + people, average perfomance
team
high focus on task + people, employees involved in tasks, good job done
autocratic leadership
one way communication, minimal delegation or decentralisation, close supervision on employees
democratic leadership
leader delegates and encourages decentralisation, leder + subordinates discus issues, leader acts upon advice explains reasons for decisions
laissez faire
manager is among a number of equals in terms of experience, workforce understands organisations objectives
autocratic is effective when?…
when rapid decisions are needed, managers are respon for large number of unskilled employees
democratic is effective when?…
people are more motivated and productive beacause they have the chance to put their ideas out - have more responsibility
laissez faire is effective when?…
there is a more skilled workforce so they dont need so much supervision, the nature of the task and how long they have to do it by
what is effective management?
allows an organisation to meet objectives within an agreed timescale. results in a workforce perfoming more efficiently - measured
decision tree
model that represents the likely outcomes, number of courses of action on a diagram showing finanacial consequences
net gains
expected values of a course of action minus the costs associated
social responsibility
duties a business towards stakeholder groups such as employees, customers, government
