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B2 Clinical Application > B2 MSK > Flashcards

B2 MSK Flashcards

1
Q

Dislocation of AC joint

A

shoulder separation
direct blow to shoulder
acromion more prominent, clavicle can go superior
most severe when AC & coracoclavicular ligaments torn

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2
Q

Calcific scapulohumeral bursistis

A

calcium deposits in tendon
repeat ooverhead activity
inflammation of subacromial bursa

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3
Q

shoulder dislocate

A

anterior most common
abduct, ext rotate, ext arm
can damage axillary nerve
assoc with labrum tear, fracture glenoid fossa/humeral head

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4
Q

labrum tears

A

SLAP
anterosuperior part of labrum typically
overhead athlete & manual labors
deep pain @ night/rest
pop/lock

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5
Q

frozen shoulder

A

inflammatory stiff, pain, loss passive ROM
idiopathhic
loss ROM start with external rotation
high spontaneous recovery rate 1.5-2.5 years

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6
Q

intratendinous bursa

A

tendon of triceps brachii

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7
Q

subtendinous bursa

A

olecranon & triceps tendon

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8
Q

subcutaneous bursa

A

over olecranon

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9
Q

Avulsion fracture medial epicondyle

A

tendon/ligament pull away bone
young baseball pitchers
fall with severe abduction & ext elbow
UCL tear fragment of epicondyle

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10
Q

Tommy John reconstruction

A

autologous harvest of palmaris longus or plantaris tendon
tunnel ulna & humerus
thread graft through tunnels
secure graft with suture/screw

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11
Q

elbow dislocate

A

posterior dislocate when kids fall on hand with lbow flex
distal end of humerous driven anterior part of joint as radius/ulna posterior
injury to ulnar N
fracture of radius head, coronoid process, olecranon process

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12
Q

Nursemaid elbow

A

transient sublux radial head
upper limb jerk up with forearm pronated
can tear attachment of annular ligamentm (can be impinged under head & capitulum
extend elbow, supinate forearm, flex with gentle radial pressure

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13
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

most frequent carpal fracture
fall on palm with abduction
misdiagnose severe sprain wrist
can lead to necrosis

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14
Q

Skier thumb

A

UCL injury of thumb
hyperabduction of MP of thumb
partial/full rupture/laxity of UCL of 1 MP
can be avulsion fracture too

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15
Q

Monteggia fracture

A

proximal third of ulna
anterior dislocation of radius

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16
Q

Galeazzi fracture

A

distal third of radius
subllux ulna

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17
Q

Colles fracture

A

fracture & posterior displace distal radius

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18
Q

Pronator syndrome

A

nerve entrapment of median
trauma, muscular hypertrophy from repetitive pronatioin, fibrous band
pain proximal anterior forearm, parathesia palmar of lateral 3.5 digit

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19
Q

cubital tunnerl syndrome

A

ulnar nerve entrap compression
arch is FCU tendon

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20
Q

antrior interosseous syndrome

A

thenar muscles not affected
paresis of FDP * FPL
can’t make OK as nno flex IP thumb or DIP of index

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21
Q

Dupuytren contract

A

palmar fascia pulled by 4th and 5th finger into partial flex @ MP/PIP
nodular thickenings
bilateral

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22
Q

Ulnar carnal syndrome

A

compression, inflammation, trauma, vascular insufficency by pisiform/hook hammate arch
ulnar nerve divisions
ganglionic cyst can cause
hypothesia in medial 1.5 digit
paresis
clawing 4/5 digits

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23
Q

tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondylitis
inflame of extensor tendons from repeat move
pain with activity, stiff, ache, weakness

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24
Q

mallet/baseball finger

A

sudden severe tension long extensor, caan avulse
DIP extreme flexionpa

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25
Q

patellar tendon reflex

A

knee jerk
integrity of femoral nerve
monosynaptic reflex where general somatic afferent fiber of muscle spinle in quad send impulse to spinal cord
General somatic efferent fibers sund impulse bacl to quad

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26
Q

gracilis in reconstructive surgery

A

weak aductor that can be transplanted
facial reanmiation, damaged hand muscles, anal incontinence, perineal/vaginal repair

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27
Q

groin pull/strain

A

strain/stretch/tear proximal attach of thigh adductor & flexors
sudden/fprceful overertion

28
Q

Deep Venous Thrombosis

A

blood clot in large vein typically legg
from incompetent loose fascia so no resistance to muscle expansion,e xternal pressure, muscular inactivity
D dimer blood test & dopple US
compressive stockingf

29
Q

femoral hernia

A

protrusion ab viscera through femoral ring into canal
tender mass in femoral triangle
common in female after multiple preggos
strangulation of intestine due to rigid boundaries (lack blood and necrosis can occur)

30
Q

Sciatica

A

Irritate or compress one or more spine roots
Spinal stenosis, spondetheliosis, piriformis syndrome, tumor, obesity
Pain in low back and radiate down, increase when raising leg while laying down

31
Q

Intramuscular injection

A

injection in superolateral quadrant are safe
superior to line from PSIS to superior ggreater trochanter
also be given safe in anterolateral thigh where needle go in glute med

Can injure nerve, hematoma, abscess formation

32
Q

Trochanteric Bursitis

A

repeat actions with climb, stairs with heavy

separate superieor glute max from greater trochancter

deep diffuse pain along IT from tubercle to tibia with point tenderness over great trochanter

33
Q

Ischial bursitis

A

repeat hip extension while seat (row, cycle)

separate inferioir glute max from ischial tuberosity

local pain over ischial tuberosity with glute max move
calcification can occur in bursa

34
Q

Trendelenburg sign

A

injury to superior gluteal nerve, cause glute medius limp (also be trochanter fractuer & hip dislocate)
compensate for weak thigh abduct by glute med/min
tip down to unaffected side

35
Q

Piriformis sybdrome

A

deep pain in buttocks worsen with sit, stairs, squats

Flexion, Adduction, Internal Rotation (FAIR test)

36
Q

Shin Splints

A

repeat microtrauma of anterior tibialis muscle
pain on shine with mild swell
common in those with change to activity
treat with ice, rest, shoes

37
Q

Foot drop

A

damage to deep filbular nerve paralyze muscles ant/lat compartment leg
can’t heel strike
high steps
loss senssation anterolateral/dorsal foot

38
Q

Dorsalis Pedis artery pulse

A

evaluate peripheral vasculature
will be diminshed if insufficient due to arterial disease
occlusion: 5 P (pain, pallor, parasthesia, poikilothermia, pulse deficit)
could be congential bilateral where replace by perforating fibular

39
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

implant zygote outsice uterus
(peritoneal cavity or fallobian tube)
non-viable but can cause abdominal bleed to mom

40
Q

anencephaly

A

failure brain to develop
face and skull develop normal

41
Q

spina bifida cystica

A

defect of vertebral canal where no arches on vertebraes allowing cyst to form either with meninges only or spinal cord in cyst too

42
Q

spina bifida occulata

A

defect of vertebral canal where no arches on vertebrase
remain normla position and seem hidden from outside
may be marked b y patch of hair

43
Q

meningeocelle

A

defect close skull
only meninges herniate

44
Q

meningoencephalocele

A

defect close skkulll
meninges & brain tissue herniate

45
Q

meningohydroencephhalocele

A

defect close skull
meninges, ventricle, brain tissue herniate

46
Q

Spondylothoracic & spondylocostal dystosias

A

defect throughout spine
cleft vertebrae, hemi vertebrae (fail fuse each side)

47
Q

cervical dysostosis

A

fused cervical vertebrae

48
Q

algalille syndrome

A

butterfly vertebrae @ midline cleft

49
Q

congentital scoliosis

A

dystosis that causes scoliosis only

50
Q

Cleft sternum

A

failure fuse all midline so thoracic organ cover only by skin

51
Q

pectus excavatum

A

depressed sternum

52
Q

pectus carinatum

A

anteruor sternum

53
Q

osteogenesis imperfexta

A

widespread skeltal issues with insufficient ossification
failure close ribs, form long bones, cranial defect

54
Q

Hox gene & digits

A

digit 1 Shh independent
digit 2 Paracrine Shh signal
digit 3 autocrine/paracrine signal
digit 4, 5 autocrine Shh signal

55
Q

Duplication defect

A

possible caused by ecotopic Shh expression pattern

56
Q

Syndactyly

A

homogenous hox gene mutatiion
in wrist/hand

57
Q

amelia

A

lack of formation of long bones in limbs
from chemical teratogens

58
Q

Triceps Surae involved in injuries

A

gastrocnemius 2 heads & soleus
involved in calf strains
contribute to achilles tendinopathy (high force output/frequent use)

59
Q

Calcaneal tendinosis

A

chronic, degenerative pain and thickening of tendon
from repeat microtrauma and inadequate healing

60
Q

calcaneal tendinitis

A

acute, inflammatory of tendon
from sudden increase in activity or trauma to tendon

61
Q

Ruptured calcaneal tendon

A

sudden forced plantarflexion, direct trauma, long-standing tendinopathy
popping or snapping sensation

62
Q

calcaneal tendon reflex

A

ankle jerk testing S1 &2 nerve roots
leg dangling in relax postion
should see brief plantarflex
absence/reduction indicate s1 nerve root compression/peripheral neuropathy
hyperactive indicate upper motor neuron lesions

63
Q

posterior tibial pulse

A

behind and below medial malleolous
strength ca vary and absence can ididcate arterial insufficiecy

64
Q

calf muscle pump

A

contract calf help venous return to heart
in contraction deep veins are cmopressed, push blood against gravity
crucial to prevent DVT

65
Q

plantarflex mechanism

A

push off/propel movement
triceps surae are mainn plantarflexors
plantaris, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum llongus are secondary plantarflexors

66
Q

ankle sprain

A

most often sudden inversion and planttarflexion of foot
peroneal muscles help prevent excess inversion & if weak can predispose sprains
strong tibialis posterior help stabilize the most

B2 Clinical Application (4 decks)

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