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Science > B2- Ecology > Flashcards

B2- Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Define community

A

The populations of different species living in a habitat

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2
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Non living factors of the environment

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3
Q

What are 7 examples of an abiotic factor?

A

Temperature
Moisture level
Light intensity
Carbon dioxide level
Wind intensity and direction
Oxygen level
Soil pH and mineral content

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4
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Living factors of the environment

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5
Q

What are 4 examples of a biotic factor?

A

Food availability
New predators
Competition
New pathogens

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6
Q

Define ecosystem

A

The interaction of a community of living organisms (biotic) with the non living (abiotic) parts of their environment

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7
Q

What is the name for when species depend on other species?

A

Interdependence

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8
Q

What is a food web?

A

An interconnected food chain

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9
Q

What are the three types of adaption?

A

Structural
Behavioural
Functional

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10
Q

What is a structural adaptation?

A

Features of an organisms body structure such as shape or colour to aid survival

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11
Q

What is a behavioural adaptation?

A

Changes to an organisms behaviour such as migrating to warmer climates during winter

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12
Q

What is a functional adaptation?

A

Changes made inside the body such as a lowered metabolism when hibernating

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13
Q

What is the order of a food chain?

A

A producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer and a tertiary consumer

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14
Q

What happens to energy during the food chain?

A

It is transferred through living organisms in an ecosystem

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15
Q

What environmental changes impact the distribution of organisms?

A

Temperature
Water availability
Composition of atmospheric gases

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16
Q

What are the names of the four stages of the water cycle?

A

Evaporation
Transpiration
Condensation
Precipitation

17
Q

What happens during the evaporation stage?

A

Energy from the Sun makes water evaporate from the land and sea, turning it into water vapour

18
Q

What happens during the transpiration stage?

A

Energy from the Sun makes water evaporate from plants, turning it into water vapour

19
Q

What happens at the condensation stage?

A

The warm water vapour is carried upwards, as warm air rises, and when it gets higher up it cools and condenses into clouds

20
Q

What happens at the precipitation stage?

A

Water falls from clouds as precipitation, which is rain, snow, hail, onto land where it provides fresh water for plants and animals

21
Q

Can you define the carbon cycle?

A

The process and events involved in recycling carbon in the environment

22
Q

What happens during the carbon cycle in simple terms?

A

Carbon is passed from the atmosphere to living things
It is passed from one organism to the next before returning to the atmosphere

23
Q

How is carbon passed between organisms?

A

Eating
Waste
Decomposition

24
Q

How is carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere?

A

Green plants remove it using photosynthesis, the carbon become part of complex molecules such as proteins, fats and carbs in the plants

25
Q

How is carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere?

A

Organisms return it through respiration, also, the burning of fossil fuels and combustion release a lot of carbon dioxide

26
Q

What is compost?

A

Decomposes organic matter that is used as a natural fertiliser for crops and garden plants

27
Q

What factors affect the rate of decay?

A

Temperature
Water availability
Oxygen availability
Number of decay organisms

28
Q

What microorganisms aid decay?

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Detritus feeders

29
Q

What is biofuel?

A

Fuels made from plant material

30
Q

What are some advantages of biofuels?

A

Renewable source
Less carbon emissions
Reduces reliance on fossil fuels
Helps planet

31
Q

What are some disadvantages of biofuels?

A

Uses land we could use for food growth
Needs a lot of labour
Must modify car engines for bioethanol use
Biodiesel can only mix with standard diesel

32
Q

What are some examples of plants used for biofuel and their process?

A

Biodiesel and plant oils
Bioethanol and sugar and wheat
Wood
Crops
Plant material
Animal waste

33
Q

What are bioethanol and diesel used for?

A

Ethanol for alternative petrol
Biodiesel in addition to standard diesel

34
Q

Does biomass release any carbon dioxide?

A

Yes but it’s the same they took from the air to do the process so it’s carbon neutral

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