B2- digestion Flashcards
what are the 3 main nutrients the body needs?
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- proteins
what is the major function of carbs?
Source of energy, glucose is the main respiratory substrate
what are the major sources of carbs?
Starch: potatoes, rice and wheat products, bread, cereals and pasta. Sugars: fruit, smoothies, fizzy drinks, chocolate and sweets
what is the major function of protein?
Growth and repair
what is the major sources of protein?
Meat, eggs, cheese, beans, nuts and seeds
what is the major function of lipids?
Energy, make up part of cell membranes so essential for normal growth
what is the major sources of lipids?
Butter and margarine, meat and processed meat, plant oils, oily fish, nuts and seeds
what is cellulose made up of?
glucose molecules
what are carbs made up of?
sugar and starches
what are proteins made up of?
amino acids
what are lipids made up of?
fatty acids and glycerol
what is the food test you use to detect sugars?
benedicts test
what is the food test to detect starch?
adding iodine to a potato
what is the food test to detect proteins?
the biurets test
what is the food test to detect lipids?
the sudan test
what is the role of the mouth in digestion?
Begins the digestion of carbohydrates
what is the role of the stomach in digestion?
Begins the digestion of protein; small molecules such as alcohol absorbed
what is the role of the small intestine in digestion?
completes the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins into single sugars and amino acids; absorption of single sugars, amino acids and fatty acids and glycerol
what is the role of the large intestine in digestion?
Absorption of water; egestion of undigested food
what speeds up chemical reactions in the body?
enzymes
what are the 2 factors that can effect enzyme action?
- temperature
- PH
what enzyme breaks down carbs?
carbohydrase
what does carbs break down into?
simple sugars
what enzyme breaks down starch?
amylase
what does starch break down into?
glucose
what enzyme breaks down proteins?
protease
what does protein break down into?
amino acids
what enzyme breaks down lipids?
lipase
what do lipids break down into?
fatty acids and glycerol
what does the liver produce?
bile
