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science-biology > B1- cell division > Flashcards

B1- cell division Flashcards

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1
Q

how do chromosomes carry genetic information?

A

in DNA

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2
Q

how many chromosomes does the human body contain?

A

46

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3
Q

when do cells divide?

A
  • when an organism grows

- an organism becomes damaged and needs to produce new cells

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4
Q

what are the two cells called in mitosis?

A

daughter cells

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5
Q

what are stem cells?

A

cells that have not yet undergone differentiation

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6
Q

what does an embryo develop from?

A

a fertilised egg

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7
Q

where can adult stem cells be found?

A 
brain
eyes
blood
heart
liver
bone marrow
skin
muscle
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8
Q

where does cell divion in plants occur?

A

meristems

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9
Q

what are cells of the circulatory system specialised to do?

A

Transport substances, defend the body, regulate temperature

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10
Q

what are cells of the excretory sytem specialised to do?

A

Remove waste products and unwanted substances, regulate the water content of the body

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11
Q

what are cells of the muscular system specialised to do?

A

bring about movement

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12
Q

what are cells of the nervous system specialised to do?

A

Respond to internal and external stimuli and conditions, carry messages for the body work as a coordinated whole

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13
Q

what are cells of the respiratory system specialised to do?

A

Deliver oxygen for respiration and remove waste

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14
Q

what are cells of the reproductive system specialised to do?

A

Bring about fertilisation to produce new offspring

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15
Q

what are cells of the skeletal system specialised to do?

A

to bring about movement, support and protect internal structures, produce blood cells, store and release calcium

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16
Q

what are palisade mesophyll cells specialised to do?

A

Carry out photosynthesis

17
Q

what are spongy mesophyll cells specialised to do?

A

Allow gases to circulate for the exchange of gases between the leaf and the environment, carry out some photosynthesis

18
Q

what are guard cells specialised to do?

A

Open and close to control the exchange of gases – carbon dioxide, water vapour and oxygen

19
Q

what are sieve tubes specialised to do?

A

Transport products of photosynthesis, including sugars and amino acids, from the leaf to where they are needed

20
Q

what are companion cells specialised to do?

A

Provide the energy required for transporting substances in sieve tubes

21
Q

what are xylem vessels specialised to do?

A

Transport water and dissolved minerals from the roots, up the plant

22
Q

what are meristems specialised to do?

A

produce new cells as they divide

23
Q

when do they use human stem cells?

A

in type 1 diabetes
in cases of multiple sclerosis, which can lead to paralysis
in cases of spinal cord or brain injury, that have led to paralysis

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