B1- cell structure

Question 1

what are the two lenses that a compound microcsope uses to magnify a specimen?

Answer 1

the eyepiece and the objective lense

Question 2

how do you calculate magnification?

Answer 2

size of image/real size of image

Question 3

what do animal cells include?

Answer 3

mitochondria, cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, cell membrane

Question 4

what is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 4

A jelly-like material that contains dissolved nutrients and salts and structures called organelles. It is where many of the chemical reactions happen.

Question 5

what is the role of the nucleus?

Answer 5

Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.

Question 6

what is the role of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

Its structure is permeable to some substances but not to others. It therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 7

what is the role of the mitochondria?

Answer 7

Organelles that contain the enzymes for respiration, and where most energy is released in respiration.

Question 8

what is the role of ribosomes?

Answer 8

Tiny structures where protein synthesis occurs.

Question 9

what do plant cells include?

Answer 9

cytoplasm, nucleus, ribosomes, vacuole, cell wall, cell membrane, chloroplasts,

Question 10

what is the role of the cytoplasm?

Answer 10

Organelles that contains the green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis. Contains the enzymes needed for photosynthesis.

Question 11

what is the role of the vacuole?

Answer 11

Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid.

Question 12

what is the role of the cell wall?

Answer 12

Made from cellulose fibres and strengthens the cell and supports the plant.

Question 13

what are the two different types of cells?

Answer 13

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Question 14

what are cells of bacteria called?

Answer 14

prokaryotes

Question 15

what are cells of animals plants and fungi called?

Answer 15

eukaryotes

Question 16

how are sperm cells adapted for their functions?

Answer 16

• head of the sperm contains genetic material for fertilisation
• the acrosome in the head contains enzymes to fertilise the egg
• it is packed with mitochondria to provide energy for the sperm to swim to the egg
• the tail enables the sperm to swim

Question 17

how are nerve cells adapted for their function?

Answer 17

• The nerve cell is extended, so that nerves can run to and from different parts of the body to the central nervous system
• The nerve cell is covered with a fatty sheath, which insulates the nerve cell and speeds up the nerve impulse.

Question 18

how are muscle cells adapted for their function?

Answer 18

• Muscle cells contain filaments of protein that slide over each other to cause muscle contraction.
• The arrangement of these filaments causes the banded appearance of heart muscle and skeletal muscle.
• hey contain many well-developed mitochondria to provide the energy for muscle contraction