B2 - Cell Division - Complete

Question 1

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 1

PMAT - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 2

What is cell division called?

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

Where are chromosomes found and what do they do?

Answer 3

Chromosomes are found in the nucleus. They carry your genes

Question 4

How many chromosomes do you have in each nucleus?

Answer 4

46, chromosomes are in pairs

Question 5

Explain what happens in Prophase

Answer 5

In prophase, the amount of DNA is doubled and amount of microcellular organisms increased

Question 6

Explain what happens in Metaphase

Answer 6

The chromosomes are lined up in the centre of the cell and the spindles attach

Question 7

Explain what happens in Anaphase

Answer 7

The spindles pull the chromatids (attached double DNAs) apart into opposite sides of the cell

Question 8

Explain what happens in Telophase

Answer 8

In telophase, the two separated DNA sets become more separated by a nuclear membrane - creating two separate nuclei inside the cells. The cytoplasm then divides to create two separate cells

Question 9

Genetically, are the new cells the same or different from their parents in a mitosis division?

Answer 9

Exactly to the same

Question 10

What are stem cells?

Answer 10

Undifferentiated cells that adapt to whatever the body needs. They are found in embryos

Question 11

When can plant cells differentiate?

Answer 11

Plant cells can differentiate throughout their lives, unlike animal cells

Question 12

Why is it difficult to clone animals?

Answer 12

Because their stem cells differentiate early in development, so they have to be harvested early and in significant numbers in order to actually work

Question 13

Where does mitosis take place predominantly in plants?

Answer 13

The meristems - in the shoots and root tips

Question 14

What is a zygote?

Answer 14

A fertilised egg that divides and becomes a hollow ball of cells

Question 15

What could we use stem cells for?

Answer 15

Curing conditions such as paralysis and diabetes

Question 16

Where can you find stem cells in humans?

Answer 16

In the bone marrow and in embryos

Question 17

What are stem cells used for in plants?

Answer 17

To produce large numbers of plants quickly and reliably to stop some going extinct and for research, well as for profitable gain as people can clone plants and then sell them

Question 18

Name 2 problems with stem cells ethnically

Answer 18

Some religions do not allow the tampering with of the human reproduction process, and some feel that the use of aborted embryos is against their human rights as they cannot give permission

Question 19

What problems are there with stem cells research other than ethnically?

Answer 19

It is currently very slow, difficult and expensive to carry out, as well as hard to control. They might be rejected by the body of the person being treated or if they are taken from an adult they might be infected with a virus from that person

Question 20

What are scientists trying to do with stem sells in the future to solve the problem of where they come from?

Answer 20

Grow them in labs although so far only a limited amount of types that come from these stem cells have been produced