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GCSE Biology > B2 Cell division > Flashcards

B2 Cell division Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does the body need to produce new cells?

A

Growth, development and repair

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2
Q

What is the process in which new cells are produced?

A

Cell cycle

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3
Q

What does a parent cell divide to produce?

A

Two daughter cells

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4
Q

How many chromosomes do human body cells contain?

A

46

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5
Q

What are cells with pairs of chromosomes called?

A

Diploid

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6
Q

What are chromosomes with only one copy of each chromosome called?

A

Haploid

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7
Q

What are the three stages of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis

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8
Q

What is the longest stage of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase

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9
Q

What happens during interphase?

A

The cell grows and prepares for cell division and DNA is replicated and condense to become visible under a microscope

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10
Q

What happens during mitosis?

A

Cell fibres attach to chromosomes to opposite poles and the chromosomes are pulled apart - the nucleus reforms around each set

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11
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

The cytoplasm and the cell membrane divide to form two identical daughter cells

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12
Q

What is growth?

A

When an organism gets bigger and is measured as the increase in its size, mass and length?

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13
Q

What is cell elongation?

A

In plants - cells get longer

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14
Q

What happens when cell mass increases?

A

Subcellular structures duplicate

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15
Q

Where does cell division take place?

A

All tissues in the body

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16
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Cells that have the ability to differentiate into different types of cell

17
Q

When does cell mass increase?

A

During protein synthesis

18
Q

When do cells become specialised?

A

Very early in development, around day 5-7 in a human embryo

19
Q

What is meant by ‘differentiated cell?’

A

Stem cells that have become specialised, e.g. red blood cell

20
Q

Where does cell division take place in plant cells?

A

Meristems/ meristematic tissue

21
Q

Where are meristems found?

A

Tip of their roots and shoots

22
Q

What happens once meristems have divided?

A

They elongate

23
Q
A

GCSE Biology (4 decks)

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