B2 - Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration Flashcards
What is AEROBIC respiration?
Aerobic Respiration is a enzyme controlled chemical reaction which takes place in ALL CELLS of the body in the mitochondria. It is where glucose from digestion reacts with oxygen from the air to release energy.
What is respiration?
Respiration is a chemical reaction which releases energy from glucose. There are two main types of respiration - aerobic and anaerobic.
What is the formula for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
What is respiration useful for in PLANTS AND ANIMALS?
- It provides the energy for mammals and birds to maintain a constant body temperature through homeostasis.
- It provides the energy so that muscles such as the cardiac muscle in the heart can contract.
- It provides the energy for large molecules to be flrmed from smaller ones to make smaller ones (growth and repair).
- In plants it provides the energy to turn sugars and nitrates into amino acids which can form proteins for growth and repair.
What cells contain a lot of mitochondria?
Sperm and muscle cells contain a lor of mitochondria because they need to release a lot of energy.
What is anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration takes place if there is no oxygen available for aerobic respiration.
It produces a bi product called LACTIC ACID which must be broken down by breathing quickly and deeply.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose -> Lactic Acid + Energy
Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?
It is less energy efficient than aerobic respiration because there is an incomplete breakdown of the glucose so not all of it is turned into energy.
What other organism can perform anaerobic respiration?
Yeast.
The formula for that is Glucose -> Ethanol + Energy.
It is useful for fermentation.
What is an oxygen debt?
An oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen needed to break down the lactic acid.
How can anaerobic respiration lead to an oxygen debt?
Anaerobic respiration can lead to an oxygen debt because the lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration needs to be broken down into carbon dioxide and water before it can be exhaled. This process requires a lot of oxygen. You have to breathe more to pay off this oxygen debt so your heart rate and breathing rate remain high after strenuous exercise.
What is muscle fatigue?
Muscle fatigue is when the muscles get tired. A build up of lactic acid causes muscle fatigue. The lactic acid needs to be removed.
What can stop muscle fatigue/What removes lactic acid from the body?
Lactic acid and muscle fatigue can be removed by a GOOD SUPPLY OF BLOOD because the blood contains oxygen in haemoglobin which breaks the lactic acid down.
