B2

Question 1

Define classification.

Answer 1

Grouping of living organisms.

Question 2

How can you classify?

Answer 2

• DNA genes
• Sexual organs
• Characteristics

Question 3

Who started classification? And what did they classify by?

Answer 3

Carl Linneas.

Grouped plants on sexual organs.

Question 4

What is natural classification? Is it easy?

Answer 4

Organisms grouped together by evolutionary links (ancestry).

Not easy to identify without specialist equipment.

Question 5

What is artificial classification? Is it easy?

Answer 5

Organisms grouped together by physical features eg: petal colour.
Easy to identify.

Question 6

What are the five different kingdoms:

Answer 6

plants, animals, fungi, protoctista and prokaryotes.

Question 7

Define Kingdom:

Answer 7

Really large group with only one feature in common eg: plants.

Question 8

Define Phylum groups:

Answer 8

Large group with very few features in common eg: vertebrates.

Question 9

Define Class:

Answer 9

Largish group with a few key features. Several orders eg: mammals.

Question 10

Define Order:

Answer 10

Largish group of living things with a few features similar eg: Carnivores.

Question 11

Define Family:

Answer 11

Largish group with similar characteristics eg: Dogs

Question 12

Define Genus:

Answer 12

Similar characteristics but they don’t breed together eg: Fox.

Question 13

Define Species:

Answer 13

Lots in common and they breed fertile offspring.

Question 14

What is a detrital food chain?

Answer 14

When an animal dies it gets either decomposed or eaten by detrivores (earthworms, woodlice).

Question 15

Why are there no long food chains?

Answer 15

• Biomass (energy) decreases as the chain increases.

Question 16

Why is there biomass loss in food chains?

Answer 16

• Excrement
• Growing and reproduction.
• Cell making.
• Keeping warm.
• Movement.
• Dis guarded food.
• Respiration.

Question 17

Define niche.

Answer 17

niche: when an organism has an individual survival technique eg: Giraffe’s long neck allows them to reach high vegatation.

Question 18

Define intrAspecific competition.

Answer 18

intrAspecific competition: when a couple of animals from the same species compete for the same thing eg a mate.

Question 19

Define intErspecific competition.

Answer 19

intErspecific competition: when animals of different species compete for the same thing eg: food.

Question 20

What is the prey cycle?

Answer 20

As prey increase so do the predators. When prey becomes over eaten by predators, the predator population falls. Now there aren’t hardly any predators prey have a greater population etc etc.

Question 21

What is a mutual relationship?

Also another name for this relationship?

Answer 21

A mutual relationship is when two organisms come together to help one another eg the shark is cleaned by the fish making it more streamlined so it can swim faster. The fish get to eat the shark’s dead skin.
The other name is a sybiotic relationship.

Question 22

What is a parasitic relationship?

Answer 22

A parasitic relationship is when a parasite enters a host organism but takes from the host and doesn’t give back eg: A flea sucks the blood from a cat leaving the cat marginally weaker but not at all better off.

Question 23

Name a few examples of adaptations.

Answer 23

Camel: Long eyelashes to stop sand entering the eye, large hoofs to spread surface area across the sand to stop them sinking.
Elephants: Big ears have blood pumped to them to cool it for it’s trip around the body.
Cactus: Store water in it’s stem, wide root structure so it has a greater surface area thus chance at getting water.
Polar bears: Big paws (look at camel’s hoof), compact body to minimise heat loss.

Question 24

Define specialist animals.

Answer 24

Animals that can’t survive out of their environment. eg: artic fox

Question 25

Define generalist animals.

Answer 25

Animals that can survive in more than one environment eg: cats and dogs.

Question 26

What did Jean Baptiste Lemark do?

Answer 26

He had a theory that the giraffes had long necks because of ‘inheritance of acquired characteristics’. This is thought to be wrong because there is variety in a population.

Question 27

What was Charles Darwin’s theory?

Answer 27

Charles Darwin’s theory was the survival of the fittest. Evolution.
eg: The giraffe has a long neck because a few giraffes mutated with longer necks which meant that they could reach the highest unreachable vegetation so they could survive and pass on their mutated genes to the next generation. Whereas the un-mutated giraffe population wouldn’t have the niche so where less likely to survive and pass on their DNA to the next generation.

Question 28

How do you form new species (according to Charles Darwin)?

Answer 28

1) There has to be something to split the original single specie population eg: a new river.
2) The 2 separated populations evolve to their new environment.
3) They can no longer interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

Question 29

How can different varieties of the same specie form?

Answer 29

By environmental change eg: the peppered moth in the industrial revolution had to camouflage itself to an urban soot covered tree bark.

Question 30

What evidence supports Darwin’s theory?

Answer 30

Fossils: How organisms have changed overtime.
Peppered moths: Adapting to survive thus pass on their DNA.
Resistant bacteria: ^
DNA coding.

Question 31

How do you answer a: Describe the results of this experiment.

Answer 31

Describe/ state, with data, what the results show eg: more dark peppered moths survived in urban areas.

Question 32

Why wouldn’t two species occupy the same niche?

Answer 32

There wouldn’t be enough food to go around this is intraspecific competion.