b2

Question 1

what is a stem cell

Answer 1

undifferentiated cell that can differentiate into one or more specialised cell type

Question 2

what are adult stem cells

Answer 2

stem cell from adults that can only diffrentiate into certain specialised cells

Question 3

where can adult stem cells be found

Answer 3

bone marrow

Question 4

what are embroynic stem cells

Answer 4

stem cells from embryos that can differtiate into any specialised cell

Question 5

where are embryonic stem cells found

Answer 5

early human embryos

Question 6

what is therapeutic cloning

Answer 6

patients cells are used to create an early embroyo clone of themselves

Question 7

give one advantage of using therapeutic cloning

Answer 7

stem cells from the embryo are not rejected when transplanted because they have same genes as the patient

Question 8

give one advantage of using adult stem cells

Answer 8

fewer ethical issues as obtained from adults who can consent to their use

Question 9

give two disadvantage of using adult stem cells

Answer 9

can take a long time for a suitable donor to be found
can only differentiate into some specialised cell type, so treat fewer diseases

Question 10

give two advantages of using embryonic stem cells

Answer 10

can differentiate into any type of stem cell,so can treat many diseases

easier to obtain as they are found in spare embryo from fertility clinics

Question 11

give 2 disadvantages of using embryonic stem cells

Answer 11

ethical issues
risks of infections from treatment

Question 12

what are plant meristems

Answer 12

area where rapid cell division occurs

Question 13

give 2 advantages of using plant meristems to clone plants

Answer 13

rare species can be cloned
plants with special features can be cloned

Question 14

give one disadvantage of using plant meristems to clone plants

Answer 14

no genetic variation

Question 15

what is cell division by mitosis

Answer 15

body cells divide to form 2 identical daughter cells

Question 16

what is the purpose of mitosis

Answer 16

growth and repair of cells
asexual reproduction

Question 17

what happens during the first stage of the cell cycle

Answer 17

cell grows bigger
chromosomes duplicate

Question 18

what happens during mitosis

Answer 18

one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the cell and the nucleus divides

Question 19

what happens during the third stage of the cell cycle

Answer 19

the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide forming 2 identical daughter cells

Question 20

what is the term for cell division in bacteria

Answer 20

binary fission