B2 Flashcards
What are the names of the two vessels you would expect to find in the vascular cylinder of a root? What are their jobs?
Xylem and phloem. Their job is to transfer nutrients from the roots and from areas like the leaves. Specifically water and mineral salts or sucrose and amino acids
Answer provided in the text
What happens in the apical meristem of a plant?
Undifferentiated cells form here and it is an area of constant continuous mitosis where cells grow and divide until they are ready to elongate and differentiate
Answer provided in the text
Suggest three reasons why we would want to make lots of copies of a plant.
For crop growth to have the best genetic plant replicated to yield the best harvest. To hold experiments on identical plants along with cloning rare plant species and selling plants through cloning rare breeded plants
Answer provided in the text
What cells are found in an embrio
Embryonic stem cells
Adult stem cells can be found in
brain
eyes
blood
heart
liver
bone marrow
skin
muscle
Embryonic stem cells become specialised through
Differentiation
An embrio grows through
Mitosis
what do Adult stem cells do
Repair worn out , old and damaged cells.
What are some of the potential risks of stem cell research?
Some of the risks behind this research is the ideas that adult stem cells may be infected and therefore when used may transmit infection to different patients . Also if stem cells do not have the same genetic information as a patient the immune system may act in response and leave patients on anti-rejection drugs as a result . Along with this embryonic stem cells divide and grow rapidly and could develop cancer in some cases
What are the ethical objections to stem cell research?
Religous reasons are that using embryonic stem cells is purposely taking life from a fetus like in the catholic church where life has begun from fertillisation. Some people believe that the embryo cannot consent and therefore it is a violation of human rights . Messing with the reproductive system is also seen as a major issue with this research
Phases of mitosis
Interphase , mitosis , cytokinesis
During interphase ( longest phase ) what happens
The cell will increase its number of sub-cellular organisms , grow and copy its genetic information ( doubling the amount of chromosome pairs
During mitosis
During step two mitosis occurs one set of each chromosome pair is sent to each side of the nucleus later on the nucleus will eventually split in half
During cytokenisis ( stage three )
During this step the cell membrane and cytoplasm begin to split to become to identical daughter cells
How many chromosomes are in a human cell
23 pairs
