B1 Flashcards
Sub-cellular
Parts that are smaller than a cell that make them up
What is inside a Permanant Vacuole
Has sap stored within
Cell membrane
Partially permiable allowing some substances to diffuse through it but not others
Nucleas function
Contain genetic information . Control the activities of the cell
Ribosomes function
Where protien synthesis occurs
Chloroplasts function
To contain chlorophyll that absorbs sunlight. Also is where photosynthesis occurs
Permanant Vacuole
Contains sap to keep the cell turgid , stores water and nutrients , breaks down waste products
Cell wall function
Contains cellulose and provides strength to support the cell
Chemical equation of photosynthesis
Carbon + water —– Sunlight —– Glucose + oxygen
Flaccid
When the vacuole has no access to water
Which two plant cells don’t have chloroplasts
Root hair cell , Inner stem cell
examples of a specialised cell
Muscle , Nerve cells , root hair cell , xylem cell , spirm cell , phloem cell .
Prokaryotic cells do not …
Contain a membrane bound nucleus or any membrane bound sub-cellular structures, DNA is free in cytoplasm
Eukaryotic cells have …
Membrane bound nucleus / they have membrane bound structures. DNA is stored in nucleus
examples of Prokaryotic cells
Bacteria cell
Examples of Eukaryotic cells are
Animals, plant and fungi
What are the different ways Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells divise
Prokaryotic - Binary fission
Eukaryotic - mitosis
Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall made up of
Peptidoglycan
Sub-cellular structures of a bacteria cell
Cell membrane , slime capsule , cell wall , plasmids , flagella , genetic material , cytoplasm.
Advantages and disadvantages of light telescopes
Affordable , can view live organism
Not as high resolution , images don’t provide enough detail to distinguish smaller subcellular organells
Advantages and disadvantages of an electron microscope
Can’t view live organisms , has to be kept in cirtain conditions
Provides more resolution , image is more detailed
Equation for magnification
magnification=
size of image / size of real object
Measurements in index notation
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fslidetodoc.com%2Funits-and-measurement-chemistry-science-3-rd-eso%2F&psig=AOvVaw1RrtlInJvS1qqlhNAv89_P&ust=1719927084142000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CA8QjRxqFwoTCLiN0ur5hYcDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAZ
Resolution
is the degree to which it is possible to distinguish
between two objects that are very close together.
Magnification
is the degree to which the size of an image is larger
than the image itself
Formula for dealing with scale bars
Measured length of scale bar / actual length of scale bar
Parts of a microscope
Objective lens , eyepiece lens , stage , stage clips , light , fine focus knob , coarse focus knob … others to come
Resolving power of light and electron microscope
2,000,000x electron . 2000x light microscope
Specialised animal cells
Nerve cell , sperm cell , muscle cell , red blood cell
Specialised plant cells
Root hair cells , photosynthesis cells , xylem and phloem cells
solute and solvent definition
Solute : can dissolve in a liquid
Solvent : a liquid a solute can diffues into
Dilute solution
The amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent is low
Concentrated solution
When the concentration of the solute relative to the solvent is high
Definition of diffusion
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an are of low concentration down a concentration gradient until equalibrium is reached
Factors effecting diffusion
Temperature , surface area , concentration gradient
How does surface area increase diffusion
The particles have more area to diffuse across
Net movement
= particles moving in - particles moving out
Hypertonic
A solution will be hypertonic to a cell if its solute concentration is higher than that inside the cell
Hypotonic
Solution is hypotonic to the cell if the solute concentration outside the cell is lower compared to inside the cell
Isotonic
Concentration is the same inside and out of the cell
A plant cell will not burst as ..
The cell wall is inelastic
Lysis
The process of an animal cell bursting
Crenated
The process of an animal or plant cell shrivelling
Plasmolise
The cytoplasm pulls away from the cell walland vacuolse has shrunk
Flaccid
The vacuold has slightly shrunk . Low turgor pressure
Osmosis
Osmosis is the (diffusion) net movement of water from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane
Required practical for osmosis think back to the variables
Active teansport
Active transport is the movement of dissolved molecules into or out of a cell through the cell membrane, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. The particles move against the concentration gradient, using energy released during respiration.
Use th accura
In so
This
Sometimes dissolved molecules are at a higher concentration inside the cell than outside, but, because the organism needs these molecules, they still have to be absorbed. Carrier proteins pick up specific molecules and take them through the cell membrane against the concentration gradient.
What is the surface are to volume ratio equation
Side length = 1 cm
Volume = 1 cm 1 cm 1 cm = 1 cm3
Surface area = 6 (1 cm 1 cm) = 6 cm2
SA : V ratio = 6 : 1
What do we know about animals with a larger SA
They have a smaller SA:V ration
