B2 Flashcards
how many pairs of chromosomes are there in a human body
there are 23 pairs / 46 single chromosomes
what is a chromosome
coiled strands of DNA.
what is a gene
a part of the chromosome or a small section which controls a characteristic of the human body
why do cells divide
to replace old/damaged cells.
to heal the body
to make the organism grow
the stages of the cell cycle in order
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telephase
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what is a diploid cell
a cell with 46 chromosomes
what is the prophase
its when the DNA condenses
What is the metaphase
when the chromosomes line up in the middle
What is the Anaphase
When the chromosomes are pulled apart to either side of the cell
What is the telephase
it’s when new nucleus form around the chromosomes.
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what is a stem cell
an undifferentiated cell
what is a stem cell
an undifferentiated cell
what’s an adult stem cell
a stem cell found in adult tissue
what’s an embryonic stem cell
a stem cell found in embryos
when do animal cells differentiate
in their early stages of life
can an adult stem cell turn into any specialised cell
no as adult stem cell are limited to what they can differentiate to
can a plant stem cell turn into any specialised cell
yes it can. plant cells can specialise at any cell .
what are meristems
meristems are places in a plant where plant stem cells divide
where are the meristems in a plant located
in the growing shoot and root tips
can plant cells redifferentiate
yes they can. some plant cells have the ability to differentiate even though they have already differentiated once before in their life.
what are stem cells in plants used for by humans
they can be used to make clones of endangered plant species or make identical clones of that plant.
how can stem cells be used to treat patients
treatment with stem cells can be used to help people with diabetes or paralysis.
what is therapeutic cloning
when an embryo is produced with the cloned cells from a human. the embryonic stem cells are then removed and are used to grow organ and tissues.
what are the some of the controversies of using embryonic stem cells
-you’re playing god
-you’re killing an embryo. that’s murder
