B1 Flashcards
what is a cell
the smallest unit of life that can live on it’s own
what does the cell membrane do
controls everything that goes in and out of the cell
what does the cell wall do
protects the cell and is important in maintaining the structure of the celll
what is the plant cell wall made of
its made of cellulose
what is the plant cell wall made of
its made of cellulose
what does the vacuole do
maintains the rigid cell structure and contains cell sap
what does the cytoplasm do
where most of the reactions take place
what do the ribosomes do
its where protein synthesis takes place
what do the chloroplasts do
contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
what do the mitochondria do
its where aerobic respiration takes place
what does the nucleus do
it controls everything that happens in the cell/ contains DNA
what is a eukaryotic cell
a cell where the DNA is inside of a nucleus. these cells are much bigger than prokaryotic cells
what is a prokaryotic cell
a cell where DNA is not enclosed in a nucleus. and example of this cell is a bacterial cell such as salmonella
what is the bacterial cell wall made of
peptidoglycan
what does the bacterial flagella do
allows the bacterial cell to move
what are plasmids
loops of DNA found in a prokaryotic cell
where is the DNA found in a bacterial cell
its a strand of DNA found in the cytoplasm
how is a sperm cell adapted to its function
the head contains enzymes which break down the outer layer of the egg
has a tail which allows it to move
has lots of mitochondria just below the head which gives energy for the tail which allows it to move
has a large nucleus to carry the DNA genetic information7
how is a nerve cell adapted to its function
are long to carry signals around the body
have electrical signals for a fast response
branched connections to connect to other neurones
have an insulating sheath to insulate the electrical signals
how are muscles cells adapted to its function
contain large numbers of mitochondria to respire for movement
can contract and relax
have special proteins to allow cells to slide over each other
how is a root hair cell adapted to its function
have a large vacuole to speed up osmosis cause the vacuole gives it a large surface area
have mitochondria for active transport
how is a palisade cell adapted to its function
contains lots of chloroplasts for the highest mount of photosynthesis
have large vacuole to keep the cell sturdy also has a large surface area to absorb minerals and water
how is a phloem cell adapted to its function
the cell wall breaks down to make plates which carry food and water up and down the plant
phloem cells have companion cells to support them
how is a xylem cell adapted to its function
when they die they become part of the tubes used to carry water and minerals
lignin spirals keep the tubes sturdy
what is differentiation
when a cell differentiates it specialises to a particular function
what is diffusion
diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
what is osmosis
osmosis is the net movement of water particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
what is a hypertonic solution
when there’s a higher conc of water outside a cell than inside
what is a hypotonic solution
when there’s a higher concentration of water inside a cell than outside
what is an isotonic solution
when there’s an equal conc of water inside and outside a cell
what is active transport
its when molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area with high concentration. for this to happen energy is needed.
why is active transport important in animals
its used in the small intestine where the epithelial cells uses active transport to take in glucose from foods. energy is also needed as glucose is a large molecule.
why is active transport important in plants
its used in the roots by the root hair cells, to get all of the minerals, ions and water in the soil so the plant can grow and be healthy
what is the zoom of a light microscope
2000
how does a light microscope see
it uses rays of light to produce an image
what is an electron microscope
it uses beams of electrons to produce an image.
what is the magnification of an electron microscope
2000000
equation for magnification
magnification = size of image divided by real size of image
how do you convert mm to micrometres
x1000
how do you convert mm to micrometres
x1000
how do you convert mm to nanometres
x1000000
