B1.8 - Evolution

Question 1

What is Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?

Answer 1

All species of living things have evolved from simple life forms that first developed more the 3 billion years ago

Question 2

Why was Darwin’s theory only gradually accepted?

Answer 2

• It challenged creationism and religion
• There was insufficient evidence at the time to convince scientists
• the mechanism of inheritance and variation was not known

Question 3

What was Lamarck’s theory of evolution?

Answer 3

The idea that changes that occur in an organism to allow it to adapt to its environment during its lifetime can be inherited.

Question 4

Why do we now know that Lamarck’s theory is incorrect?

Answer 4

We now understand evolution and how Darwin’s theory is correct and we know how genes and inheritance work

Question 5

What us used to represent the relationships between organisms?

Answer 5

Evolutionary trees/models

Question 6

What are the processes of natural selection?

Answer 6

• individual organisms may show a wide rage of variation
• individuals with characteristics most suited tot heir environment are most likely to survive and breed
• the genes that have enabled these individuals to survive are then passed on

Question 7

When did the first eukaryotes evolve?

Answer 7

2 billion years ago

Question 8

When did the first multi cellular organisms evolve?

Answer 8

1 billion years ago

Question 9

When did the first land plants and fungi evolve?

Answer 9

450 million years ago

Question 10

When did the dinosaurs evolve?

Answer 10

220 million years ago

Question 11

When did the first modern mammals evolve?

Answer 11

45 million years ago

Question 12

When did the first homosapiens and neanderthals evolve?

Answer 12

200,000 years ago

Question 13

What happens when new forms of a gene result from mutation?

Answer 13

There may be a relatively rapid change in a species if the environment changes