B1.8 Evolution

Question 1

What did the theory of evolution state?

Answer 1

That all species of living things have evolved from simple life forms that first developed more than 3 billion years ago

Question 2

Why was the theory of evolution only gradually accepted?

Answer 2

• It challenged the idea that God made all the animals and plants that live on Earth.
• insufficient evidence
• Mechanism of inheritance and variation was not know until 50 years after the theory

Question 3

Describe Lamarck’s theory

Answer 3

If a characteristic was used a lot by an organism, it would become more developed during its lifetime. These ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS would then be passes on to the next generation.

Question 4

How do we classify living organisms into animals, plants and microorganisms?

Answer 4

we study the similarities and differences between organisms.

Question 5

What do evolutionary trees allow us to suggest?

Answer 5

relationships between organisms.

Question 6

What is an ecological relationship?

Answer 6

how organisms react with each other

Question 7

Describe how evolution occurs via natural selection

Answer 7

• Individual organisms within a particular species may show a wide range of variation because of differences in their genes.
• Individuals with characteristics most suited to the environment are more likely to survive to breed successfully.- FITTEST SURVIVE
• The genes that have enabled these individuals to survive are then passed to the next generation.

Question 8

What is a mutation?

Answer 8

A change in an organisms DNA

Question 9

Describe how evolution can occur due to mutations

Answer 9

A mutation is a change in the organisms DNA

some times they can be beneficial by producing a useful characteristic. This characteristic may give an organism a better chance of surviving and reproducing.

Overtime, the beneficial mutation will accumulate in population

Question 10

Who came up with the theory of evolution?

Answer 10

Darwin

Question 11

Give 2 reasons why many scientists in the 1800s could not decide whether Lamarck’s theory or Darwin’s theory was the right one

Answer 11

• insufficient evidence

- mechanism of inheritance was not known

Question 12

Before Darwin’s and Lamarck’s theory, how did many people explain where all the living things from Earth came from?

Answer 12

Believed that God made all living things

Question 13

Suggest advantages of trying to preserve endangered species

Answer 13

retains biodiversity

species may useful in the future

maintains the food chain