B1.1 Keeping Healthy Flashcards
when is a person malnourished?
if their diet is not balanced
What could an unbalanced diet lead to?
A person being over or under weight.
Deficiency diseases or conditions such as type 2 diabetes.
When would a person lose mass?
When the energy content of the food taken in is less than the amount of energy expended by the body.
What is your metabolic rate?
The rate at which all the chemical reactions in the cells of the body are carried out.
How does metabolic rate vary?
Higher metabolic rate if you do more exercise or have a higher proportion of muscle to fat.
Metabolic rate may be affected by inherited factors.
age
gender
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause infectious disease.
How do bacteria and viruses make us feel ill?
They both reproduce rapidly inside the body and may produce toxins that make us feel ill.
Viruses damage the cells in which they reproduce.
What different ways does the body have to protect itself from pathogens?
Skin, Scabs, Hairs, Mucus, Immune System
How do white blood cells help to defend against pathogens?
- INGESTING pathogens
- Producing ANTIBODIES which destroy a particular bacteria or virus
- Producing ANTITOXINS which counteract the toxins released by pathogens
If a large proportion of the population in immune to a pathogen….
The spread of the pathogen is very much reduced
Describe the work of Semmelweis
Semmelweis recognised the importance of handwashing in the prevention of spreading some infectious diseases. By insisting doctors washed their hands before examining patients, he greatly reduced the number of deaths from infectious disease in his hospital.
What do painkillers do?
They help to relieve symptoms of infectious disease, but do not kill the pathogen.
What are antibiotics?
medicine that help to cure BACTERIAL disease by killing infectious bacteria inside the body.
Why can antibiotics not be used to kill viruses?
As viruses live and produce inside cells. It is difficult to develop drugs that kill viruses without also damaging the body’s tissues.
it is important that specific bacteria are treated with…
specific antibiotics
What has the overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics increased?
antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria
Name a strain of bacteria
MRSA
Describe how new resistant strains of bacteria are formed
- antibiotics kill individual pathogens of the non resistant strain.
- Individual resistant pathogens survive and reproduce so the population of the resistant strain increases
- The new strain will then spread rapidly as people are not immune to it and there is no effective treatment.
What has the development of antibiotic-resistant strains lead to?
- The need to develop new antibiotics
- Antibiotics are no longer used to treat non-serious infections so that the rate of development is slowed down.
What does a healthy diet contain?
the right balance of the different foods you need and the right amount of energy.
Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are used by the body to release energy and to build cells. Mineral ions and vitamins are needed in small amounts for healthy functioning of the body.
How can people be immunised against a disease?
By introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of the pathogen into the body (vaccination)
What do vaccines do?
Stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies that destroy the pathogens. This makes the person immune to to future infections by the microorganism. The body can respond rapidly, making the correct antibody, in the same way as if the person had previously had the disease.
