B16 - Adaptation & Interdependence

Question 1

Define species.

Answer 1

group organsms can breed together & produce fertile offspring

Question 2

Define habitat.

Answer 2

envrnmnt in which orgnsms live

Question 3

Define population.

Answer 3

total no. of orgnsms of same species living in same ggrphcl area

Question 4

Define community.

Answer 4

popultns. of all dffnt species living in same habitat

Question 5

Define abiotic factor.

Answer 5

non - living

Question 6

Define biotic factor.

Answer 6

living

Question 7

Give an 2 examples of an abiotic factor

Answer 7

water & minerals

Question 8

Give 2 examples a biotic factor

Answer 8

animals & plants

Question 9

Define ecosystem.

Answer 9

abiotic & biotic parts of envrnmnt & how interact

Question 10

What do plants compete with each other for?

Answer 10

light, space, water & mineral ions

Question 11

What do animals compete with each other for?

Answer 11

food, water, mates & territory

Question 12

Define interdependence.

Answer 12

how different species depend on each other in community

Question 13

What is a stable community?

Answer 13

biotic & abiotic factors in balance

Question 14

How does a new predator affect a community?

Answer 14

prey species population ↓

Question 15

How can a new predator affect an existing predator?

Answer 15

competng for sme prey

Question 16

What happens if a species becomes outcompeted?

Answer 16

ppultn. ↓ & not enough no.s -> breed
species = extinct

Question 17

How does a new pathogen affect a species?

Answer 17

wipe out ppultn.

Question 18

What are three types of adaptations?

Answer 18

structural, behavioural & functional

Question 19

How is a camel structurally adapted to the hot & dry conditions of a desert?

Answer 19

fat store: fat stored in 1 place -> heat loss & ↓ H2O loss/ metabolism produces H2O
tough mouth: eat thorny plants = good sources H2O
long eyelashes: sand from eyes
wide feet: large SA = prevents sinking in sand

Question 20

How are kangaroo rats behaviourally adapted to the hot & conditions of the desert?

Answer 20

noctural: avoids daytime heat

Question 21

How are arctic foxes structually adapted to the cold conditions?

Answer 21

thick fur: provides insulation & ↓ heat loss
fur on feet: ↓ heat loss to ice/snow
small ears: ↓ fox SA -> ↓ heat loss
white fur: camouflage to hunt prey

Question 22

How are arctic foxes structually adapted to the cold conditions?

Answer 22

thick fur: provides insulation & ↓ heat loss
fur on feet: ↓ heat loss to ice/snow
small ears: ↓ fox SA -> ↓ heat loss
white fur: camouflage to hunt prey

Question 23

How are cacti structurally adapted to dry conditions?

Answer 23

small leaves/spines: ↓ SA -> ↓ water loss & protect agnst predators
shallow roots: catch water immdtly after rainfall
long roots: reach H2O undergrnd
large, fleshy stem: store water

Question 24

What are organisms that live in very extreme conditions called?

Answer 24

extremophiles

Question 25

Give an example of an extreme condition underwater. What type of extremophile lives there?

Answer 25

deep sea vents - bacteria

Question 26

What sort of conditions do deep sea vents have?

Answer 26

high pressures & temps, no sunlight & v acidic