B16 - Adaptation & Interdependence Flashcards
Define species.
group organsms can breed together & produce fertile offspring
Define habitat.
envrnmnt in which orgnsms live
Define population.
total no. of orgnsms of same species living in same ggrphcl area
Define community.
popultns. of all dffnt species living in same habitat
Define abiotic factor.
non - living
Define biotic factor.
living
Give an 2 examples of an abiotic factor
water & minerals
Give 2 examples a biotic factor
animals & plants
Define ecosystem.
abiotic & biotic parts of envrnmnt & how interact
What do plants compete with each other for?
light, space, water & mineral ions
What do animals compete with each other for?
food, water, mates & territory
Define interdependence.
how different species depend on each other in community
What is a stable community?
biotic & abiotic factors in balance
How does a new predator affect a community?
prey species population ↓
How can a new predator affect an existing predator?
competng for sme prey
What happens if a species becomes outcompeted?
ppultn. ↓ & not enough no.s -> breed
species = extinct
How does a new pathogen affect a species?
wipe out ppultn.
What are three types of adaptations?
structural, behavioural & functional
How is a camel structurally adapted to the hot & dry conditions of a desert?
fat store: fat stored in 1 place -> heat loss & ↓ H2O loss/ metabolism produces H2O
tough mouth: eat thorny plants = good sources H2O
long eyelashes: sand from eyes
wide feet: large SA = prevents sinking in sand
How are kangaroo rats behaviourally adapted to the hot & conditions of the desert?
noctural: avoids daytime heat
How are arctic foxes structually adapted to the cold conditions?
thick fur: provides insulation & ↓ heat loss
fur on feet: ↓ heat loss to ice/snow
small ears: ↓ fox SA -> ↓ heat loss
white fur: camouflage to hunt prey
How are arctic foxes structually adapted to the cold conditions?
thick fur: provides insulation & ↓ heat loss
fur on feet: ↓ heat loss to ice/snow
small ears: ↓ fox SA -> ↓ heat loss
white fur: camouflage to hunt prey
How are cacti structurally adapted to dry conditions?
small leaves/spines: ↓ SA -> ↓ water loss & protect agnst predators
shallow roots: catch water immdtly after rainfall
long roots: reach H2O undergrnd
large, fleshy stem: store water
What are organisms that live in very extreme conditions called?
extremophiles
Give an example of an extreme condition underwater. What type of extremophile lives there?
deep sea vents - bacteria
What sort of conditions do deep sea vents have?
high pressures & temps, no sunlight & v acidic
